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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Burdens of Human Life

Chapter 40

1 Great toil is created for every man. A heavy yoke is on the sons of Adam, from the day of their coming out of their mother’s womb, until the day for their burial in the mother of all things.⁠ 2 The expectation of things to come, and the day of death, trouble their thoughts, and cause fear in their hearts. 3 From him who sits on a throne of glory, to him who is humbled in earth and ashes, 4 from him who wears purple and a crown, to him who is clothed in burlap, 5 there is fury, jealousy, trouble, unrest, fear of death, anger, and quarrels. When he rests on his bed, his night’s sleep changes his knowledge. 6 He gets little or no rest, and afterward in his sleep, as though spending a day keeping watch, he is troubled in the vision of his heart, like someone who has escaped from the front of battle. 7 In the very time of his rescue, he awakens, and marvels that the fear is nothing.

8 To all creatures, human and animal, and on sinners seven times more, 9 come death, bloodshed, quarrels, sword, disasters, famine, suffering, and plague. 10 All these things were created for the wicked, and because of them the flood came. 11 All things that are of the earth turn to the earth again. All things that are of the waters return to the sea.⁠

The Endurance of Goodness

12 All bribery and injustice will be blotted out. Good faith will stand forever. 13 The goods of the unjust will be dried up like a river, and will vanish noisily like loud thunder in rain. 14 A man will be made glad when he opens his hands, and so lawbreakers will utterly fail. 15 The children of the ungodly won’t grow many branches, and are like unhealthy roots on a sheer rock.⁠ 16 The reeds by every water or river bank will be pulled up before all grass. 17 Kindness is like a garden of blessings. Giving to the poor endures forever.

The Best Gifts in Life

18 The life of one who labors and is content will be made sweet. He who finds a treasure is better than both. 19 Children and the building of a city establish a name. A blameless wife is better than both. 20 Wine and music make the heart glad. The love of wisdom is better than both. 21 The pipe and the lute make pleasant melody. A pleasant tongue is better than both. 22 Your eye desires grace and beauty, but the green shoots of grain more than both. 23 A friend and a companion are always welcome, and a wife with her husband is better than both. 24 Relatives and helpers are for a time of distress, but giving to the poor rescues better than both. 25 Gold and silver will make the foot stand firm, and advice is valued better than both. 26 Riches and strength will lift up the heart. The fear of the Lord is better than both. There is nothing lacking in the fear of the Lord. In it, there is no need to seek help. 27 The fear of the Lord is like a garden of blessing and covers a man more than any glory.

The Burden of Begging

28 My son, don’t lead a beggar’s life. It is better to die than to beg. 29 If a man looks to another’s table, his life cannot be called a life. He will pollute his soul with another person’s food, but a wise and well-instructed person will beware of that. 30 Begging will be sweet in the mouth of the shameless, but it ignites a fire in his belly.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 40:15 and Matthew 13:3

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Sirach compares the children of the unrighteous to plants with weak roots, symbolizing their instability. In Matthew 13, Jesus uses a similar image in the parable of seeds that fall on rocky ground and fail to grow.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 40:15

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
12 All bribery and injustice will be blotted out.
Good faith will stand forever.
13 The goods of the unjust will be dried up like a river,
and will vanish noisily like loud thunder in rain.
14 A man will be made glad when he opens his hands,
and so lawbreakers will utterly fail.
15 The children of the ungodly won’t grow many branches,
and are like unhealthy roots on a sheer rock.
16 The reeds by every water or river bank
will be pulled up before all grass.
17 Kindness is like a garden of blessings.
Giving to the poor endures forever.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Matthew 13:3

New Testament
3 He told them many things in parables, saying: “Listen! A sower went out to sow. 4 And as he sowed, some seeds fell along the path, and the birds came and devoured them. 5 Other seeds fell on rocky ground where they did not have much soil. They sprang up quickly because the soil was not deep. 6 But when the sun came up, they were scorched, and because they did not have sufficient root, they withered. 7 Other seeds fell among the thorns, and they grew up and choked them. 8 But other seeds fell on good soil and produced grain, some a hundred times as much, some sixty, and some thirty. 9 The one who has ears had better listen!”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... There are some intriguing features about Matthew’s use of Sirach: Most of these parallels are unique to Matthew among the gospels. Included here are the structuring of the beatitudes (5:3–12), the makarism concerning those who mourn (5:4), the antithesis against adultery (5:27–28), the warning against prayers that use empty phrases (6:7), warnings against laying up treasure on earth (6:19–24), advice about judging good from bad fruit (7:16), the allusions to Elijah (11:14) and (17:11), Jesus’ teaching concerning the heavy yoke (11:28–30), the parable of the treasure hidden in the field (13:44), the warning that the son of man will repay grievances (16:27), and the separation of the sheep and goats (25:34–40). In other words, these texts and themes are singular to the Matthean mindset and thus are not typical of the remaining evangelists. (2) The vast majority of these usages are related to the topic of wisdom and instruction, a theme naturally derived from Sirach that clearly adds to Matthew’s standing as a gospel focused on teachings and contemplative sayings. But these lessons are not simply sapiential in orientation. In many cases they are associated with eschatological concerns, as with those parallels that appear (6:14), (6:20), (11:14), (16:27), (17:11), and (25:34–40). Thus, regardless of whether Jesus of Nazareth was actually concerned for a futuristic eschatology, Matthew finds within the materials of Sirach a working source by which to portray his teachings as such ..."
Clayton N. Jefford, “The Wisdom of Sirach and the Glue of the Matthew–Didache Tradition,” in Intertextuality in the Second Century, ed. D. Jeffrey Bingham and Clayton N. Jefford, BAC 11 (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 8–23.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 40:15 and Matthew 13:3

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