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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Care for the Poor and Oppressed

Chapter 4

1 My son, don’t deprive a poor person of a livelihood. Don’t make the eyes of the needy wait long.⁠ 2 Don’t make a hungry soul sorrowful, or provoke a man in his distress. 3 Don’t add more trouble to a heart that is provoked. Don’t put off giving to him who is in need. 4 Don’t reject someone pleading in distress. Don’t turn your face away from a poor man.⁠ 5 Don’t turn your eye away from one who asks. Give no one a reason to curse you.⁠ 6 For if he curses you in the bitterness of his soul, he who made him will hear his plea.

7 Endear yourself to the assembly. Bow your head to an important man. 8 Listen to a poor man. Answer him with peaceful words in humility. 9 Rescue the victim from the wrongdoer’s power.⁠ Don’t be hesitant in giving judgment. 10 Be like a father to the fatherless, and like a husband to their mother. So you will be like a son of the Most High,⁠ and he will love you more than your mother does.⁠

Wisdom’s Rewards and Discipline

11 Wisdom exalts her sons, and takes hold of those who seek her. 12 He who loves her loves life. Those who seek her early will be filled with gladness. 13 He who holds firmly to her will inherit glory. Where he enters, the Lord will bless. 14 Those who serve her serve the Holy One. The Lord loves those who love her. 15 He who listens to her will judge the nations. He who pays attention to her will live securely. 16 If he trusts her, he will inherit her, and his descendants will possess her. 17 For at first she will walk with him in crooked ways, and will bring fear and dread on him, and torment him with her discipline, until she can trust his soul and test him by her judgments. 18 Then she will bring him back to the straight path, and will make him glad, and reveal to him her secrets. 19 If he goes astray, she will abandon him, and hand him over to his downfall.

Courage and Honesty

20 Watch for the opportunity, and beware of evil. Don’t be ashamed of your soul. 21 For there is a shame that brings sin, and there is a shame that is glory and grace.⁠ 22 Don’t show partiality, discrediting your soul. Don’t honor anyone in a way that causes your downfall. 23 Don’t hold back from speaking when it can bring safety. Don’t hide your wisdom to keep up appearances. 24 For wisdom will be known by speech, and instruction by the word of the tongue. 25 Don’t speak against the truth and be shamed for your ignorance.⁠ 26 Don’t be ashamed to confess your sins. Don’t fight the river’s current. 27 Don’t lie down for a fool to trample on. Don’t be partial to someone powerful. 28 Strive for the truth to the point of death, and the Lord God will fight for you.⁠

Speech and Conduct

29 Don’t be hasty with your tongue, or lazy and negligent in your deeds. 30 Don’t be like a lion in your house, or suspicious of your servants. 31 Don’t let your hand be stretched out to receive, and closed when you should repay.⁠

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 4:31 and Barnabas 19:9

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The epistle of Barnabas quotes Sirach 4, listing a series of ethical instructions including the command not to withhold generosity. This represents one of the earliest known authoritative uses of Sirach in Christian tradition.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 4:31

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
25 Don’t speak against the truth
and be shamed for your ignorance.
26 Don’t be ashamed to confess your sins.
Don’t fight the river’s current.
27 Don’t lie down for a fool to trample on.
Don’t be partial to someone powerful.
28 Strive for the truth to the point of death,
and the Lord God will fight for you.
29 Don’t be hasty with your tongue,
or lazy and negligent in your deeds.
30 Don’t be like a lion in your house,
or suspicious of your servants.
31 Don’t let your hand be stretched out to receive,
and closed when you should repay.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Barnabas 19:9

Early Christian · Epistle of Barnabas
8 ‘You shall share in everything with your neighbor and not say that anything is your own. For if you are joint-heirs of what is imperishable, how much more of perishable things? You shall not be quick with your tongue, for the mouth is a snare of death. As far as you can, be pure for your soul’s sake.’ 9 ‘Do not be someone who stretches out his hands to take but draws them back when it comes to giving. You shall love as the apple of your eye everyone who speaks to you the word of the Lord.’ 10 ‘You shall remember the day of judgment night and day, and you shall search every day for the faces of the saints, either laboring by word and going to encourage them and meditating on how you can save souls by the word, or you shall work with your hands as a ransom for your sins.’
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Barnabas

References

"... The book of Sirach is not quoted directly in the New Testament. The strongest parallel is Matthew 11:28-30 (= Sirach 6:24-25; 51:26-27). But even there it may be a matter of common terminology and conceptuality. Yet Sirach is a precious resource for understanding the presuppositions of Judaism in the late Second Temple period and for discerning what was or was not innovative about Jesus and early Christianity. The earliest patristic evidence for Sirach occurs in Didache 4:5 and Barnabas 19:9, which appear to cite Sirach 4:31. The book was translated into Latin, Coptic, Syriac, Ethiopic, Armenian, and Arabic, thus insuring a wide circulation. Many Greek church fathers (Clement of Alexandria, Origen, John Chrysostom, Cyril of Jerusalem) and Latin fathers (Tertullian, Cyprian, Jerome, Augustine) quoted or incorporated material from Sirach in their own works. Throughout the late patristic and medieval periods, Sirach generated a rich commentary tradition ..."
Daniel J. Harrington, Invitation to the Apocrypha (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1999), 90.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 4:31 and Barnabas 19:9

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