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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Dreams and Empty Hopes

Chapter 34

1 Empty and false hopes are for a man without understanding. Dreams give wings to fools.⁠ 2 Someone who sets his mind on dreams is like someone grasping at a shadow and chasing the wind. 3 The vision of dreams is a reflection, the likeness of a face near a face.⁠ 4 What clean thing can come from something unclean? What true thing can come from something false? 5 Divination, fortune-telling, and dreams are empty. The heart has fantasies like a woman in labor.⁠ 6 If they are not sent in a visit from the Most High, don’t give your heart to them. 7 For dreams have led many astray. They have failed by putting their hope in them. 8 Without lying the law will be fulfilled. Wisdom is complete in a faithful mouth.

Experience and Trust in God

9 A well-instructed man knows many things. He who has much experience will express understanding. 10 He who has no experience knows few things.⁠ 11 But he who has traveled increases cleverness. 12 I have seen many things in my travels. My understanding is more than my words. 13 I was often in danger of death. I was preserved because of these experiences.

14 The spirit of those who fear the Lord will live,⁠ 15 for their hope is in him who saves them. 16 Whoever fears the Lord won’t be afraid, and won’t be a coward, for the Lord is his hope. 17 Blessed is the soul of him who fears the Lord. 18 To whom does he pay attention? Who is his support? 19 The eyes of the Lord are on those who love him, a strong protection and strong support, a shelter from the hot wind, a shade from the noonday sun, a guard from stumbling, and a help from falling. 20 He lifts up the soul, and enlightens the eyes. He gives health, life, and blessing.

Unacceptable Offerings

21 If someone sacrifices something wrongfully acquired, his offering is made in mockery. 22 The mockeries of wicked men are not acceptable.⁠ 23 The Most High has no pleasure in the offerings of the ungodly, nor is he appeased for sins by a great number of sacrifices.

24 Someone who brings a sacrifice from the goods of the poor is like someone who kills a son before his father’s eyes. 25 The bread of the needy is the life of the poor. He who deprives him of it is one who sheds blood.⁠ 26 Someone who takes away his neighbor’s living is like someone who murders him. 27 Someone who deprives a hired worker of his wages is like someone who sheds blood.

28 When one builds, and another pulls down, what profit do they have but toil? 29 When one prays, and another curses, whose voice will the Lord listen to? 30 What does a man gain by washing after touching a dead body if he touches it again?⁠ 31 In the same way, who will listen to the prayer of a man who fasts for his sins and goes back and does the same?⁠ What profit does he have in his humiliation?

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Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 24:15 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:25

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach 34 warns that withholding a laborer’s wages is like taking his life, echoing Deuteronomy 24, which commands paying workers daily because their survival depends on it. Both texts highlight the necessity of caring for the vulnerable.

Passages

Deuteronomy 24:15

Hebrew Bible
13 You must by all means return to him at sunset the item he gave you as security so that he may sleep in his outer garment and bless you for it; it will be considered a just deed by the Lord your God. 14 You must not oppress a lowly and poor servant, whether one from among your fellow Israelites or from the resident foreigners who are living in your land and villages. 15 You must pay his wage that very day before the sun sets, for he is poor and his life depends on it. Otherwise he will cry out to the Lord against you, and you will be guilty of sin. 16 Fathers must not be put to death for what their children do, nor children for what their fathers do; each must be put to death for his own sin. 17 You must not pervert justice due a resident foreigner or an orphan, or take a widow’s garment as security for a loan.
640–500 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:25

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
23 The Most High has no pleasure in the offerings of the ungodly,
nor is he appeased for sins by a great number of sacrifices.
24 Someone who brings a sacrifice from the goods of the poor
is like someone who kills a son before his father’s eyes.
25 The bread of the needy is the life of the poor.
He who deprives him of it is one who sheds blood.
26 Someone who takes away his neighbor’s living
is like someone who murders him.
27 Someone who deprives a hired worker of his wages
is like someone who sheds blood.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... Specifically, they have disobeyed the commandment of Leviticus 19:13 against withholding the wages of a day laborer until morning. James alludes also to Deuteronomy 24:14-15, a fuller version of that commandment, and to Isaiah 5:9 LXX. References to this commandment are frequent in Jewish literature (Malachi 3:5; Sirach 34:27; Tobit 4:14; Testament of Job 12:4; Pseudo-Phocylides 19). The reason is that the day laborer was a significant category of the poor. He neither owned nor rented land, but was employed a day at a time on the estates of others and paid his wages at the end of each day’s work. Of all peasant workers, he was in the most vulnerable position. His employment could be terminated at a few hours’ notice. He might often be unemployed. His wages were too small to make savings possible. He and his family lived from hand to mouth, and withholding his wages even until next morning was a serious matter. An employer who did so could even be accused of murder without hyperbole (Sirach 34:25-27) ..."
James D. G. Dunn and J. W. Rogerson, eds., Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003), 1490.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 24:15 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:25

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