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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Dreams and Empty Hopes

Chapter 34

1 Empty and false hopes are for a man without understanding. Dreams give wings to fools.⁠ 2 Someone who sets his mind on dreams is like someone grasping at a shadow and chasing the wind. 3 The vision of dreams is a reflection, the likeness of a face near a face.⁠ 4 What clean thing can come from something unclean? What true thing can come from something false? 5 Divination, fortune-telling, and dreams are empty. The heart has fantasies like a woman in labor.⁠ 6 If they are not sent in a visit from the Most High, don’t give your heart to them. 7 For dreams have led many astray. They have failed by putting their hope in them. 8 Without lying the law will be fulfilled. Wisdom is complete in a faithful mouth.

Experience and Trust in God

9 A well-instructed man knows many things. He who has much experience will express understanding. 10 He who has no experience knows few things.⁠ 11 But he who has traveled increases cleverness. 12 I have seen many things in my travels. My understanding is more than my words. 13 I was often in danger of death. I was preserved because of these experiences.

14 The spirit of those who fear the Lord will live,⁠ 15 for their hope is in him who saves them. 16 Whoever fears the Lord won’t be afraid, and won’t be a coward, for the Lord is his hope. 17 Blessed is the soul of him who fears the Lord. 18 To whom does he pay attention? Who is his support? 19 The eyes of the Lord are on those who love him, a strong protection and strong support, a shelter from the hot wind, a shade from the noonday sun, a guard from stumbling, and a help from falling. 20 He lifts up the soul, and enlightens the eyes. He gives health, life, and blessing.

Unacceptable Offerings

21 If someone sacrifices something wrongfully acquired, his offering is made in mockery. 22 The mockeries of wicked men are not acceptable.⁠ 23 The Most High has no pleasure in the offerings of the ungodly, nor is he appeased for sins by a great number of sacrifices.

24 Someone who brings a sacrifice from the goods of the poor is like someone who kills a son before his father’s eyes. 25 The bread of the needy is the life of the poor. He who deprives him of it is one who sheds blood.⁠ 26 Someone who takes away his neighbor’s living is like someone who murders him. 27 Someone who deprives a hired worker of his wages is like someone who sheds blood.

28 When one builds, and another pulls down, what profit do they have but toil? 29 When one prays, and another curses, whose voice will the Lord listen to? 30 What does a man gain by washing after touching a dead body if he touches it again?⁠ 31 In the same way, who will listen to the prayer of a man who fasts for his sins and goes back and does the same?⁠ What profit does he have in his humiliation?

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Texts in conversation

Compare Amos 5:21 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:22

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Amos rejects festivals and sacrifices when they are not matched by justice, declaring that ritual without ethical integrity is worthless. Sirach 34 repeats this same theme, insisting that offerings gained through injustice are unacceptable.

Passages

Amos 5:21

Hebrew Bible
19 Disaster will be inescapable, as if a man ran from a lion only to meet a bear, then escaped into a house, leaned his hand against the wall, and was bitten by a poisonous snake. 20 Don’t you realize the Lord’s day of judgment will bring darkness, not light—gloomy blackness, not bright light? 21 “I absolutely despise your festivals! I will not smell your religious assemblies. 22 Even if you offer me burnt and grain offerings, I will not be satisfied; I will not look with favor on your peace offerings of fattened calves. 23 Take away from me your noisy songs; I don’t want to hear the music of your stringed instruments.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Amos

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:22

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
20 He lifts up the soul,
and enlightens the eyes.
He gives health, life, and blessing.
21 If someone sacrifices something wrongfully acquired,
his offering is made in mockery.
22 The mockeries of wicked men are not acceptable. 23 The Most High has no pleasure in the offerings of the ungodly,
nor is he appeased for sins by a great number of sacrifices.
24 Someone who brings a sacrifice from the goods of the poor
is like someone who kills a son before his father’s eyes.
25 The bread of the needy is the life of the poor.
He who deprives him of it is one who sheds blood.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... If the cult is then understood as the Torah’s vertical dimension and ethics as its horizontal dimension, one can agree with Jensen’s (2006) interpretation, namely that: The vertical and horizontal dimensions go together, equally expressions of God’s will; and this in turn means that where the horizontal dimension (social justice, etc.) is lacking, the vertical dimension (worship, sacrifice) is impossible. (compare also Hrobon 2010:3) Although Hrobon infers that the relationship between the cult and ethics may be more complicated, he still assumes that cultic concepts – as defined in the Priestly literature – are the idea behind these ethical appeals. This perspective – namely that cultic concepts are the main driving force behind the cult-critical statements in the prophetic writings – may offer a fresh alternative to the interpretation of these texts. This perspective is supported by, amongst others, Milgrom when he states ‘true, the ethical is bound up with and inseparable from the ritual, and the Pentateuchal codes make no distinction between them’ ..."
Alphonso Groenewald, “‘But Let Justice Roll Down like Waters, and Righteousness like an Ever-flowing Stream’ (Am 5:24). Social Justice versus Cult Criticism in Amos (5:21–24) and Isaiah (1:10–20): A Trauma Perspective,” HvTSt 75.3 (2019): 1–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Amos 5:21 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:22

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