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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Dreams and Empty Hopes

Chapter 34

1 Empty and false hopes are for a man without understanding. Dreams give wings to fools.⁠ 2 Someone who sets his mind on dreams is like someone grasping at a shadow and chasing the wind. 3 The vision of dreams is a reflection, the likeness of a face near a face.⁠ 4 What clean thing can come from something unclean? What true thing can come from something false? 5 Divination, fortune-telling, and dreams are empty. The heart has fantasies like a woman in labor.⁠ 6 If they are not sent in a visit from the Most High, don’t give your heart to them. 7 For dreams have led many astray. They have failed by putting their hope in them. 8 Without lying the law will be fulfilled. Wisdom is complete in a faithful mouth.

Experience and Trust in God

9 A well-instructed man knows many things. He who has much experience will express understanding. 10 He who has no experience knows few things.⁠ 11 But he who has traveled increases cleverness. 12 I have seen many things in my travels. My understanding is more than my words. 13 I was often in danger of death. I was preserved because of these experiences.

14 The spirit of those who fear the Lord will live,⁠ 15 for their hope is in him who saves them. 16 Whoever fears the Lord won’t be afraid, and won’t be a coward, for the Lord is his hope. 17 Blessed is the soul of him who fears the Lord. 18 To whom does he pay attention? Who is his support? 19 The eyes of the Lord are on those who love him, a strong protection and strong support, a shelter from the hot wind, a shade from the noonday sun, a guard from stumbling, and a help from falling. 20 He lifts up the soul, and enlightens the eyes. He gives health, life, and blessing.

Unacceptable Offerings

21 If someone sacrifices something wrongfully acquired, his offering is made in mockery. 22 The mockeries of wicked men are not acceptable.⁠ 23 The Most High has no pleasure in the offerings of the ungodly, nor is he appeased for sins by a great number of sacrifices.

24 Someone who brings a sacrifice from the goods of the poor is like someone who kills a son before his father’s eyes. 25 The bread of the needy is the life of the poor. He who deprives him of it is one who sheds blood.⁠ 26 Someone who takes away his neighbor’s living is like someone who murders him. 27 Someone who deprives a hired worker of his wages is like someone who sheds blood.

28 When one builds, and another pulls down, what profit do they have but toil? 29 When one prays, and another curses, whose voice will the Lord listen to? 30 What does a man gain by washing after touching a dead body if he touches it again?⁠ 31 In the same way, who will listen to the prayer of a man who fasts for his sins and goes back and does the same?⁠ What profit does he have in his humiliation?

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jeremiah 29:8 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:1

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Jeremiah warns the exiles not to trust dreams and divination, emphasizing that such visions can mislead and delay hope for restoration. Sirach repeats this, portraying dreams as empty and unreliable compared with the wisdom found in the Torah.

Passages

Jeremiah 29:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Marry and have sons and daughters. Find wives for your sons and allow your daughters to get married so that they too can have sons and daughters. Grow in number; do not dwindle away. 7 Work to see that the city where I sent you as exiles enjoys peace and prosperity. Pray to the Lord for it. For as it prospers you will prosper.’ 8 “For the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, says, ‘Do not let the prophets among you or those who claim to be able to predict the future by divination deceive you. And do not pay any attention to the dreams that you are encouraging them to dream. 9 They are prophesying lies to you and claiming my authority to do so. But I did not send them. I, the Lord, affirm it!’ 10 “For the Lord says, ‘Only when the seventy years of Babylonian rule are over will I again take up consideration for you. Then I will fulfill my gracious promise to you and restore you to your homeland.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:1

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 Empty and false hopes are for a man without understanding.
Dreams give wings to fools.
2 Someone who sets his mind on dreams
is like someone grasping at a shadow
and chasing the wind.
3 The vision of dreams is a reflection,
the likeness of a face near a face.
4 What clean thing can come from something unclean?
What true thing can come from something false?
5 Divination, fortune-telling, and dreams are empty.
The heart has fantasies like a woman in labor.
6 If they are not sent in a visit from the Most High,
don’t give your heart to them.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... Sirach 34:1-20 ... Devout wisdom more reliable than dreams This poem has three sections: the futility of dreams (34:1-8); the value of wisdom amid life’s experiences (34:9-13); and the benefit of fear of the Lord (34:14-20). The ancient Greeks often thought dreams carried messages from the gods (Plato, Crito 44a), while Jewish apocalyptic texts told of Enoch’s dream visions (1 Enoch 13:10; 83:3). By contrast, Ben Sira adopts the Deuteronomic suspicion of dreams as leading people away from the one true God (Deuteronomy 13:2-5; Jeremiah 23:25-32). Trusting in dreams is like chasing the wind (Ecclesiastes 5:2). Ben Sira generally links dreams with divinations and omens, which the Torah forbids (Leviticus 19:26; Deuteronomy 18:10-14). However, dreams can be sent by God, as happened to Joseph, Solomon, and Eliphaz (Genesis 37:5-10; 1 Kings 3:5-15; Job 4:12-21). Whereas false dreams have led many astray (Jeremiah 29:8-9), perfect wisdom can be reliably found in the law of Moses ..."
Daniel Durken, ed., The New Collegeville Bible Commentary: In One Volume (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2017), 1264.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jeremiah 29:8 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 34:1

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