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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Discipline of Children

Chapter 30

1 He who loves his son will continue to whip him, so that he may have joy from him in the end. 2 He who disciplines his son will benefit from him, and will brag about him among his acquaintances. 3 He who teaches his son will provoke his enemy to jealousy. Before friends, he will be delighted with him. 4 His father dies, and it is as though he had not died, for he has left one behind him like himself. 5 In his life, he saw his son and was glad. When he died, it was without regret. 6 He left behind him an avenger against his enemies, and one to repay kindness to his friends.

7 He who overindulges his son will bind up his wounds. His heart will be troubled at every cry. 8 An unbroken horse becomes stubborn. An unrestrained son becomes headstrong.⁠ 9 Pamper your child, and he will make you afraid. Play with him, and he will grieve you. 10 Don’t laugh with him, in case you have sorrow with him, and you grind your teeth in the end. 11 Give him no freedom in his youth, and don’t ignore his foolish acts. 12 Bend his neck in his youth, and beat him on the sides while he is a child, so that he does not become stubborn,⁠ and disobey you, bringing sorrow to your soul. 13 Discipline your son, and give him work, so that his shameless behavior is not an offense to you.

The Value of Health

14 A poor man who is healthy and fit is better than a rich man whose body is afflicted. 15 Health and fitness are better than all gold, and a strong body better than wealth without measure. 16 There is no wealth better than health of body. There is no gladness greater than the joy of the heart. 17 Death is better than a bitter life, and eternal rest than an ongoing sickness.⁠

18 Good things poured out on a mouth that is closed are like food offerings laid on a grave.⁠ 19 What does an offering profit an idol? For it can’t eat or smell. So it is with anyone who is punished by the Lord,⁠ 20 seeing with his eyes and groaning, like a eunuch embracing a virgin and groaning.

Cheerfulness and Freedom from Anxiety

21 Don’t give your soul to sorrow. Don’t make yourself suffer deliberately. 22 Gladness of heart is the life of a man. Cheerfulness of a man lengthens his days. 23 Love your own soul,⁠ and comfort your heart. Keep sorrow far away from you, for sorrow has destroyed many, and there is no profit in it. 24 Envy and anger shorten life. Anxiety brings old age before its time. 25 Those who are cheerful and joyful will benefit from their food.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Letter of Jeremiah 1:27 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 30:18

Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach warns that food offered to the dead is wasted, reflecting futility in misplaced rituals. The Letter of Jeremiah portrays sacrifices offered to idols in the same way, both condemning empty offerings that lack any true recipient.

Passages

Letter of Jeremiah 1:27

Deuterocanon
25 Things in which there is no breath are bought at any price. 26 Having no feet, they are carried on people’s shoulders. By this, they show people that they are worthless. Those who serve them are also ashamed, 27 for if they fall to the ground at any time, they can’t rise up again by themselves. If they are bowed down, they can’t make themselves straight, but the offerings are placed before them, as if they were dead people. 28 And their priests sell what is sacrificed to them and spend the money. In the same way, their wives also preserve part of it with salt, but they give none to the poor and powerless. 29 The menstruating woman and the woman in childbirth touch their sacrifices, so you can tell from these things that they are not gods. Don’t fear them.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Jeremiah

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 30:18

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
16 There is no wealth better than health of body.
There is no gladness greater than the joy of the heart.
17 Death is better than a bitter life,
and eternal rest than an ongoing sickness.
18 Good things poured out on a mouth that is closed
are like food offerings laid on a grave.
19 What does an offering profit an idol?
For it can’t eat or smell.
So it is with anyone who is punished by the Lord,
20 seeing with his eyes and groaning,
like a eunuch embracing a virgin and groaning.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... there are likely numerous references to cult of the dead activities in Trito-Isaiah. Those who are described in Isaiah 65:3 as “provoking [YHWH] to his face continually” are specifically charged with “sitting in tombs and spending the night among rocks.” Similar practices are probably in view in chapter 57, which refers to both child sacrifice (verse 5) and Molek (verse 9); particularly if the difficult word in verse 6 is related to the dead (“Your portion is with the perished of the wadi ...”), the passage is clearly condemning death cults. Francesca Stavrakopoulou has further argued that the gardens condemned in Isaiah 65:3–5, 66:17 and 1:29–30 were mortuary gardens and thus also manifestations of cults of the dead. And of course, the book ends with the unforgettable image of “the dead bodies of the people who have rebelled against [YHWH]; for their worm shall not die, their fire shall not be quenched, and they shall be an abhorrence to all flesh.” This nascent image of hell is the apotheosis of the “aversion therapy” technique that was pioneered centuries earlier by Isaiah himself. The precise significance of many of these later instances of the tradition are contested; they deserve and have generated fairly extensive scholarship, which cannot be summarized here. It is clear enough that cults of the dead continued to be a major preoccupation in the postexilic period (Letter of Jeremiah 27; Sirach 30:18; Tobit 4:17; Note also Baruch 3:10-11) ..."
Christopher B. Hays, Death in the Iron Age II and in First Isaiah (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011), 360.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Letter of Jeremiah 1:27 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 30:18

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