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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Honor for Father and Mother

Chapter 3

1 Hear me, your father, my children, and do what you hear, so that you all may be safe. 2 For the Lord honors the father over the children, and has confirmed the judgment of the mother over her sons.⁠ 3 He who honors his father will make atonement for sins.⁠ 4 He who gives glory to his mother is like someone who stores up treasure. 5 Whoever honors his father will have joy in his own children. He will be heard when he prays. 6 He who gives glory to his father will live a long life. He who listens to the Lord will bring rest to his mother, 7 and will serve his parents as masters.

8 Honor your father in action and word, so that his blessing may come on you. 9 For the blessing of the father establishes the houses of children, but the curse of the mother uproots the foundations. 10 Don’t glorify yourself at your father’s dishonor, for your father’s dishonor is no glory to you. 11 For the glory of a man is from the honor of his father, and a mother in dishonor is a disgrace to her children.

12 My son, help your father in his old age, and don’t grieve him as long as he lives. 13 If he fails in understanding, have patience with him. Don’t dishonor him in your full strength. 14 For the kindness to your father will not be forgotten. Instead of sins it will be added to build you up. 15 In your day of distress it will be remembered for you, your sins will melt away like ice in warm weather.⁠ 16 He who abandons his father is like a blasphemer. He who provokes his mother is cursed by the Lord.

Humility and the Limits of Knowledge

17 My son, carry out your business humbly, and you will be loved by a person who is acceptable to God.⁠ 18 The greater you are, the more you should humble yourself, and you will find favor with the Lord. 20 For the power of the Lord is great, and he is glorified by those who are lowly.

21 Don’t seek things that are too hard for you, and don’t investigate things that are beyond your ability.⁠ 22 Think about the things that have been commanded to you, for you have no need of the things that are secret. 23 Don’t be overly busy in tasks that are beyond you, for more things are shown to you than people can understand. 24 For the conceit of many has led them astray. Bad ideas have led their judgment astray.

Stubbornness and Generosity

26 A stubborn heart will do badly at the end. He who loves danger will die in it.⁠ 27 A stubborn heart will be burdened with troubles. The sinner will pile sin on sin. 28 There is no cure for the disaster that strikes the proud, for a weed of wickedness has taken root in him.

29 The heart of the prudent will understand a proverb. A wise man desires the ear of a listener. 30 Water will quench a flaming fire, and giving to the poor will make atonement for sins.⁠ 31 Anyone who repays kindness thinks of what comes afterward. When he falls, he will find support.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 3:21 and Genesis Rabbah 8:2

Deuterocanon · Rabbinic

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Summary

Sirach teaches to not speculate about things beyond human understanding, which is quoted in Rabbinic tradition in Genesis Rabbah. Some rabbis treated Sirach as an authoritative source, integrating his teaching into their tradition.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 3:21

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
17 My son, carry out your business humbly,
and you will be loved by a person who is acceptable to God.
18 The greater you are, the more you should humble yourself,
and you will find favor with the Lord.
20 For the power of the Lord is great,
and he is glorified by those who are lowly.
21 Don’t seek things that are too hard for you,
and don’t investigate things that are beyond your ability.
22 Think about the things that have been commanded to you,
for you have no need of the things that are secret.
23 Don’t be overly busy in tasks that are beyond you,
for more things are shown to you than people can understand.
24 For the conceit of many has led them astray.
Bad ideas have led their judgment astray.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Genesis Rabbah 8:2

Rabbinic · Aggadah
Rav Ḥama bar Ḥanina began: “Have you known this from [oldest times?]” (Job 20:4). Rav Ḥama bar Ḥanina said: This is analogous to a city that received its supplies by donkey drivers. They would ask one another: ‘What is the price of grain in the province today?’ The Friday ones would inquire of the Thursday ones; the Thursday ones of the Wednesday ones; the Wednesday ones of the Tuesday ones; the Tuesday ones of the Monday ones; the Monday ones of the Sunday ones. The Sunday one, whom would he ask? Would he not ask the businessmen of the city? Here, too, everything that was made on each day would ask one another: ‘What creations did the Holy One blessed be He create on your day?’ The sixth day would ask the fifth day, and so on until the first day. Whom would it [the first day] ask? Is it not the Torah, that preceded the creation of the world? As Rabbi Shimon ben Lakish said: The Torah preceded the creation of the world by two thousand years. That is what is written: “I was with Him, as a protégé; [I was a delight day after day]” (Proverbs 8:30), and the day of the Holy One blessed be He is one thousand years, as it is written: “As one thousand years in Your eyes are like yesterday” (Psalms 90:4). That is, “have you known this [from oldest times?]” (Job 20:4). The Torah knows what preceded the creation of the world. But you have license to expound only “from when man was placed upon the earth” (Job 20:4). Rabbi Elazar said, citing ben Sira: “Do not seek what is too great for you, do not interrogate what is stronger than you, do not seek knowledge of what is hidden from you, and do not ask regarding what is concealed from you. Observe what is permitted for you, and you have no business with the esoteric.”
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis Rabbah

References

"... Source (1) is from Ben Sira 3:21–22. These lines appear in the name of R. Eleazar (a third-generation Palestinian Amora) in the Yerushalmi and in Bereshit Rabba. The tradition appears in a related context in the Babylonian Talmud in the name of an Amora known to cite Palestinian traditions (see above), and this source can therefore be considered secondary to the two Palestinian traditions, not an essentially Babylonian tradition. The closeness between all three of these rabbinic traditions and its two extant Hebrew versions in Ben Sira is striking. In fact, the second clause varies slightly both between the manuscripts of Ben Sira and between the rabbinic versions, but the rest of the text is almost identical in all five witnesses ..."
Jenny R. Labendz, “The Book of Ben Sira in Rabbinic Literature,” AJSR 30 (2006): 347–392.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 3:21 and Genesis Rabbah 8:2

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