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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Lending and Repayment

Chapter 29

1 He who shows mercy will lend to his neighbor. He who strengthens him with his hand keeps the commandments. 2 Lend to your neighbor in time of his need. Repay your neighbor on time. 3 Stand by your word, and keep faith with him, and at all times you will find what you need. 4 Many have considered a loan to be a windfall, and have given trouble to those who helped them. 5 Until he has received it, he will kiss a man’s hands. For his neighbor’s money he will speak submissively. Then when payment is due, he will prolong the time, return excuses, and complain about the timing. 6 If he prevails, the creditor will hardly receive half, and he will count it as a windfall. If not, he has deprived him of his money, and he has made him an enemy without cause. He will pay him with curses and abuse. Instead of honor, he will repay him with disgrace. 7 Many because of fraud have turned away. They are afraid of being defrauded for nothing.

Generosity to the Poor

8 However be patient with a man in poor circumstances. Don’t keep him waiting for your gifts to the poor. 9 Help a poor man for the commandment’s sake. Don’t send him away empty-handed when he is in need.⁠ 10 Lose your money for a brother and a friend. Don’t let it rust under a stone and be lost.⁠ 11 Allocate your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High and it will profit you more than gold.⁠ 12 Store up your giving to the poor in your storehouses and it will rescue you from all distress.⁠ 13 It will fight for you against your enemy better than a mighty shield and a heavy spear.

Guaranteeing Another Person’s Debt

14 A good man will guarantee his neighbor’s debt. He who has lost shame will fail him.⁠ 15 Don’t forget the kindness of your guarantor, for he has given his life for you. 16 A sinner will waste the property of his guarantor. 17 He who is thankless will fail him who delivered him. 18 Guaranteeing debts has ruined many who were prospering and shaken them like a wave of the sea. It has driven powerful men from their homes. They wandered among foreign nations. 19 A sinner who falls into guaranteeing a debt and undertakes contracts for work will fall into lawsuits. 20 Help your neighbor as much as you can, and be careful not to fall yourself.⁠

Contentment and Independence

21 The essentials of life are water, bread, clothing, and a house for privacy. 22 A poor man’s life under a shelter of logs is better than rich food in another man’s house. 23 With little or with much, be well satisfied. 24 It is a miserable life to go from house to house. Where you are a guest, you don’t dare to open your mouth. 25 You will entertain, serve drinks, and have no thanks. In addition to this, you will hear bitter words. 26 “Come here, you stranger, set a table, and if you have anything in your hand, feed me with it.” 27 “Leave, you stranger, for an honored guest is here. My brother has come to be my guest. I need my house.” 28 These things are painful to a man of understanding: The scolding about lodging and the insults of creditors.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 17:18 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:20

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs describes the risk of guaranteeing another person’s loan. Sirach develops this in a discussion about lending and generosity, urging people to avoid exploitation while still valuing financial responsibility and caring for the community.

Passages

Proverbs 17:18

Hebrew Bible
16 What’s the point of a fool having money in hand to buy wisdom when his head is empty? 17 A friend loves at all times, and a relative is born to help in adversity. 18 The one who lacks sense strikes hands in pledge and puts up financial security for his neighbor. 19 The one who loves a quarrel loves transgression; whoever builds his gate high seeks destruction. 20 The one who has a perverse heart does not find good, and the one who is deceitful in speech falls into trouble.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:20

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
18 Guaranteeing debts has ruined many who were prospering
and shaken them like a wave of the sea.
It has driven powerful men from their homes.
They wandered among foreign nations.
19 A sinner who falls into guaranteeing a debt
and undertakes contracts for work will fall into lawsuits.
20 Help your neighbor as much as you can,
and be careful not to fall yourself.
21 The essentials of life are water, bread,
clothing, and a house for privacy.
22 A poor man’s life under a shelter of logs
is better than rich food in another man’s house.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... In the overall context of Sirach 8, verses 12-13 are pessimistically cautious, brief and pragmatic. The concern of these statements is to protect the students from being exploited and they thus share the reservations of Ps 37:21 regarding loans to the unscrupulous and are also in basic continuity with the warnings against surety in Proverbs, which are consistently negative in nature (compare Proverbs 6:1-5; 11:15; 17:18; 22:26-27). As we will see in the next section, the discussion of loans and surety in chapter 8 lacks the more explicitly theological grounding found in the later discussion of chapter 29 concerning the connection to the commands of the Torah or the general benevolence of these acts, especially notable since this larger section follows the admonitions to give generously to those in need (7:32-36). Commentators are agreed that 29:1 begins a new pericope because of the obvious change in content, from the issue of controlling one’s tongue to financial matters. Within chapter 29 itself, commentators divide the text differently. All commentators see a break between verses 20 and 21 and thus classify 29:21-28 as a subunit. Gilbert notes that the presence of (“take care”) in 28:26 and 29:20 brackets 29:1-20 as a distinct section. Beginning in 29:21 the discussion shifts from the perspective of those with means who are exhorted to give generously (verses 1-20) to the virtue of moderation in contrast to the impoverished ruin that results from greedy financial mismanagement ..."
Bradley C. Gregory, Like an Everlasting Signet Ring: Generosity in the Book of Sirach, DCLS 2 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2010), 133.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 17:18 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:20

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