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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Lending and Repayment

Chapter 29

1 He who shows mercy will lend to his neighbor. He who strengthens him with his hand keeps the commandments. 2 Lend to your neighbor in time of his need. Repay your neighbor on time. 3 Stand by your word, and keep faith with him, and at all times you will find what you need. 4 Many have considered a loan to be a windfall, and have given trouble to those who helped them. 5 Until he has received it, he will kiss a man’s hands. For his neighbor’s money he will speak submissively. Then when payment is due, he will prolong the time, return excuses, and complain about the timing. 6 If he prevails, the creditor will hardly receive half, and he will count it as a windfall. If not, he has deprived him of his money, and he has made him an enemy without cause. He will pay him with curses and abuse. Instead of honor, he will repay him with disgrace. 7 Many because of fraud have turned away. They are afraid of being defrauded for nothing.

Generosity to the Poor

8 However be patient with a man in poor circumstances. Don’t keep him waiting for your gifts to the poor. 9 Help a poor man for the commandment’s sake. Don’t send him away empty-handed when he is in need.⁠ 10 Lose your money for a brother and a friend. Don’t let it rust under a stone and be lost.⁠ 11 Allocate your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High and it will profit you more than gold.⁠ 12 Store up your giving to the poor in your storehouses and it will rescue you from all distress.⁠ 13 It will fight for you against your enemy better than a mighty shield and a heavy spear.

Guaranteeing Another Person’s Debt

14 A good man will guarantee his neighbor’s debt. He who has lost shame will fail him.⁠ 15 Don’t forget the kindness of your guarantor, for he has given his life for you. 16 A sinner will waste the property of his guarantor. 17 He who is thankless will fail him who delivered him. 18 Guaranteeing debts has ruined many who were prospering and shaken them like a wave of the sea. It has driven powerful men from their homes. They wandered among foreign nations. 19 A sinner who falls into guaranteeing a debt and undertakes contracts for work will fall into lawsuits. 20 Help your neighbor as much as you can, and be careful not to fall yourself.⁠

Contentment and Independence

21 The essentials of life are water, bread, clothing, and a house for privacy. 22 A poor man’s life under a shelter of logs is better than rich food in another man’s house. 23 With little or with much, be well satisfied. 24 It is a miserable life to go from house to house. Where you are a guest, you don’t dare to open your mouth. 25 You will entertain, serve drinks, and have no thanks. In addition to this, you will hear bitter words. 26 “Come here, you stranger, set a table, and if you have anything in your hand, feed me with it.” 27 “Leave, you stranger, for an honored guest is here. My brother has come to be my guest. I need my house.” 28 These things are painful to a man of understanding: The scolding about lodging and the insults of creditors.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:12 and Cyprian, Treatises 8:5

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Cyprian authoritatively quotes Sirach but attributes it to Solomon rather than Ben Sira, reflecting an early Christian tendency to group Sirach with other wisdom writings associated with Solomon.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:12

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
9 Help a poor man for the commandment’s sake.
Don’t send him away empty-handed when he is in need.
10 Lose your money for a brother and a friend.
Don’t let it rust under a stone and be lost.
11 Allocate your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High
and it will profit you more than gold.
12 Store up your giving to the poor in your storehouses
and it will rescue you from all distress.
13 It will fight for you against your enemy
better than a mighty shield and a heavy spear.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Cyprian, Treatises 8:5

Early Christian
5 Remedies for propitiating God have been given in the words of God himself; the divine teachings have taught what sinners ought to do: that satisfaction is made to God by righteous works, that sins are purged by the merits of mercy. And in Solomon we read: “Shut up alms in the heart of the poor, and it will pray for you against all evil.” And again: “He who stops his ears so as not to hear the weak will himself call on God, and there will be no one to hear him.” For he cannot deserve God’s mercy who has not himself been merciful, nor will he obtain anything from the divine goodness by his prayers who has not been humane toward the prayer of the poor. The Holy Spirit likewise declares and proves this in the Psalms, saying: “Blessed is he who considers the needy and poor; in the evil day the Lord will deliver him.” Mindful of these precepts, when King Nebuchadnezzar was troubled and terrified by an ominous dream, Daniel gave a remedy for turning away evils by obtaining divine help, saying: “Therefore, king, let my counsel please you, and redeem your sins by almsgiving and your iniquities by mercy to the poor, and God will be patient with your sins.” And the king, not obeying him, suffered the adverse and hostile things he had seen, which he could have escaped and avoided had he redeemed his sins by almsgiving. The angel Raphael too bears like witness, and exhorts that almsgiving be done willingly and generously, saying: “Prayer is good with fasting and almsgiving, for almsgiving delivers from death and itself purges sins.” He shows that our prayers and fasts are of less power unless they are aided by almsgiving; that petitions alone avail little to obtain what they ask, unless they are made full by the addition of deeds and works. The angel reveals and makes plain and confirms that by almsgiving our petitions are made effective, by almsgiving life is redeemed from dangers, by almsgiving souls are freed from death.
245–260 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Cyprian, Treatises

References

"... The eighty-fifth of the Apostolical Canons provides a list of the books in the Hebrew Canon and additionally includes the first three books of the Maccabees and the Wisdom of Sirach. However, these last four books are not included in the Canon, although the Wisdom of Sirach is specially recommended for the instruction of the young. In the Apostolical Constitutions, specifically in sections vi. 14 and 15 (also known as the Didascalia), quotations from Sirach are given with the same formula as those from the books of the Hebrew Canon. Yet, in section ii. 57 of the same work, there is no mention of any of the books of the Apocrypha. On the other hand, at the Council of Hippo in A.D. 393, Sirach was specially mentioned as one of the canonical books. This was further supported at the Council of Carthage in A.D. 397, where the "five books of Solomon," namely Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canticles, Wisdom, and Sirach, were reckoned among the canonical Scriptures. (Between the years A.D. 390 and 419 no less than six councils were held in Africa, and four of these at Carthage. For a time, under the inspiration of Aurelius and Augustine, the Church of Tertullian and Cyprian was filled with a new life before its fatal desolation ...) This decision was also confirmed by the Council of Carthage in A.D. 419. As we delve into what the Church Fathers have said regarding the canonicity of the book, our attention first turns to the Eastern Church ..."
R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (Oxford University Press, 1913), 299.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:12 and Cyprian, Treatises 8:5

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