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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Lending and Repayment

Chapter 29

1 He who shows mercy will lend to his neighbor. He who strengthens him with his hand keeps the commandments. 2 Lend to your neighbor in time of his need. Repay your neighbor on time. 3 Stand by your word, and keep faith with him, and at all times you will find what you need. 4 Many have considered a loan to be a windfall, and have given trouble to those who helped them. 5 Until he has received it, he will kiss a man’s hands. For his neighbor’s money he will speak submissively. Then when payment is due, he will prolong the time, return excuses, and complain about the timing. 6 If he prevails, the creditor will hardly receive half, and he will count it as a windfall. If not, he has deprived him of his money, and he has made him an enemy without cause. He will pay him with curses and abuse. Instead of honor, he will repay him with disgrace. 7 Many because of fraud have turned away. They are afraid of being defrauded for nothing.

Generosity to the Poor

8 However be patient with a man in poor circumstances. Don’t keep him waiting for your gifts to the poor. 9 Help a poor man for the commandment’s sake. Don’t send him away empty-handed when he is in need.⁠ 10 Lose your money for a brother and a friend. Don’t let it rust under a stone and be lost.⁠ 11 Allocate your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High and it will profit you more than gold.⁠ 12 Store up your giving to the poor in your storehouses and it will rescue you from all distress.⁠ 13 It will fight for you against your enemy better than a mighty shield and a heavy spear.

Guaranteeing Another Person’s Debt

14 A good man will guarantee his neighbor’s debt. He who has lost shame will fail him.⁠ 15 Don’t forget the kindness of your guarantor, for he has given his life for you. 16 A sinner will waste the property of his guarantor. 17 He who is thankless will fail him who delivered him. 18 Guaranteeing debts has ruined many who were prospering and shaken them like a wave of the sea. It has driven powerful men from their homes. They wandered among foreign nations. 19 A sinner who falls into guaranteeing a debt and undertakes contracts for work will fall into lawsuits. 20 Help your neighbor as much as you can, and be careful not to fall yourself.⁠

Contentment and Independence

21 The essentials of life are water, bread, clothing, and a house for privacy. 22 A poor man’s life under a shelter of logs is better than rich food in another man’s house. 23 With little or with much, be well satisfied. 24 It is a miserable life to go from house to house. Where you are a guest, you don’t dare to open your mouth. 25 You will entertain, serve drinks, and have no thanks. In addition to this, you will hear bitter words. 26 “Come here, you stranger, set a table, and if you have anything in your hand, feed me with it.” 27 “Leave, you stranger, for an honored guest is here. My brother has come to be my guest. I need my house.” 28 These things are painful to a man of understanding: The scolding about lodging and the insults of creditors.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:10 and James 5:3

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

James 5 uses the image of silver rusting, similar to Sirach 29, to condemn the hoarding of wealth. Both urge people not to misuse money, urging people to use their resources to help others instead of keeping them for themselves.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:10

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
7 Many because of fraud have turned away.
They are afraid of being defrauded for nothing.
8 However be patient with a man in poor circumstances.
Don’t keep him waiting for your gifts to the poor.
9 Help a poor man for the commandment’s sake.
Don’t send him away empty-handed when he is in need.
10 Lose your money for a brother and a friend.
Don’t let it rust under a stone and be lost.
11 Allocate your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High
and it will profit you more than gold.
12 Store up your giving to the poor in your storehouses
and it will rescue you from all distress.
13 It will fight for you against your enemy
better than a mighty shield and a heavy spear.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

James 5:3

New Testament
1 Come now, you rich! Weep and cry aloud over the miseries that are coming on you. 2 Your riches have rotted and your clothing has become moth-eaten. 3 Your gold and silver have rusted and their rust will be a witness against you. It will consume your flesh like fire. It is in the last days that you have hoarded treasure! 4 Look, the pay you have held back from the workers who mowed your fields cries out against you, and the cries of the reapers have reached the ears of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 You have lived indulgently and luxuriously on the earth. You have fattened your hearts in a day of slaughter.
50–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... Much evidence suggests that James is adapting his language from a specific Jewish tradition (Sirach 12:10–11; 29:8–12) that similarly condemns the static hoarding of wealth. The high likelihood that James is interacting with Sirach is based on the following evidence: (1) the verb “to corrode” occurs in the Greek Bible only in Sirach 12:10–11 and James 5:3. (2) The noun “rust” is rare, occurring in only two other contexts in the Greek Bible: Epistle of Jeremiah 1:10, 23 and Ezekiel 24:6–12. The verbal form “to rust” occurs only in Sirach 12:10; 29:10. Thus, the rare word group occurs in only five contexts total in the Greek Bible, with three being James 5:3, Sirach 12:10, and Sirach 29:10. (3) Like James 5, Sirach 12 and 29 teach about the use of wealth. (4) The terms silver, gold, and treasure all occur in James 5:2–3 and Sirach 29:10–11. This linguistic and thematic evidence suggests that James is interacting with Sirach’s teaching on wealth and poverty ..."
Todd Scacewater, “The Dynamic and Righteous Use of Wealth in James 5:1–6,” Journal of Markets & Morality 20.2 (2017): 227–242.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:10 and James 5:3

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