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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Forgiveness and Restraint

Chapter 28

1 He who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord, and he will surely keep his sins in mind.⁠ 2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done, and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.⁠ 3 Does anyone harbor anger against another and expect healing from the Lord?⁠ 4 He has no mercy on a man like himself, yet does he pray for his own sins?⁠ 5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes anger. Who will make atonement for his sins? 6 Remember the end of your life, and put an end to hostility. Remember decay and death, and be true to the commandments. 7 Remember the commandments, and don’t be angry with your neighbor. Remember the covenant of the Highest, and overlook ignorance.

The Fire of Quarrels

8 Stay away from quarrels, and you will reduce your sins, for a hot-tempered man will ignite quarrels. 9 A man who is a sinner will trouble friends and sow discord among those who are at peace. 10 A fire burns according to its fuel, and a quarrel burns according to its intensity. A man’s anger matches his strength, and he increases his anger according to his wealth. 11 A quarrel begun in haste ignites a fire, and hasty fighting sheds blood. 12 If you blow on a spark, it will burn, and if you spit on it, it will be put out. Both of these come out of your mouth.⁠

The Damage of Slander

13 Curse the gossip and the person who speaks with two tongues, for he has destroyed many who were at peace.⁠ 14 A slanderer has shaken many, and dispersed them from nation to nation. It has pulled down strong cities and overthrown the houses of important men. 15 A slanderer has driven out brave women and deprived them of their labors. 16 He who listens to it will not find rest, nor will he live quietly. 17 The stroke of a whip makes a mark in the flesh, but the stroke of a tongue will break bones.

18 Many have fallen by the edge of the sword, yet not so many as those who have fallen because of the tongue. 19 Happy is he who is sheltered from it, who has not passed through its fury, who has not drawn its yoke, and has not been bound with its bands. 20 For its yoke is a yoke of iron, and its bands are bands of brass. 21 The death it causes is an evil death, and Hades is better than it. 22 It will not have power over godly men. They will not be burned in its flame. 23 Those who abandon the Lord will fall into it. It will burn among them, and won’t be put out. It will be sent against them like a lion. It will destroy them like a leopard.

Guarding the Mouth

24 As you surround your possessions with a thorn hedge, and secure your silver and your gold,⁠ 25 so make a set of scales and a weight for your words, and make a door and a bar for your mouth. 26 Be careful not to slip with it, so that you do not fall before one who lies in wait.

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Texts in conversation

How Jesus's Forgiveness Teaching Echoes Sirach 28

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Sirach teaches that forgiving others is required to receive forgiveness from God. In Matthew 6, Jesus appears to draw on this tradition, using similar language to teach that forgiving others is a requirement for being forgiven.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:2

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 He who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord,
and he will surely keep his sins in mind.
2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done,
and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.
3 Does anyone harbor anger against another
and expect healing from the Lord?
4 He has no mercy on a man like himself,
yet does he pray for his own sins?
5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes anger.
Who will make atonement for his sins?
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Matthew 6:12

New Testament
9 So pray this way: ‘Our Father in heaven, may your name be honored, 10 may your kingdom come, may your will be done on earth as it is in heaven. 11 Give us today our daily bread, 12 and forgive us our debts, as we ourselves have forgiven our debtors. 13 And do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one.’ 14 “For if you forgive others their sins, your heavenly Father will also forgive you. 15 But if you do not forgive others, your Father will not forgive you your sins.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... In Matthew’s Gospel we see the idea of reciprocity, the idea of conditionality, the link between mercy and forgiveness and the punishment that comes for reluctance to practise mercy/forgiveness. For the first Evangelist, refusing to show mercy to or to forgive others leads to God’s refusal to do the same to the unmerciful or unforgiving person. More than that, it calls for punishment upon them. This is powerfully stated in the parable of the unmerciful debtor in Matthew 18:23-35 and implicitly in Matthew 6:15. Demands to be merciful (Matt 5:7), not to retaliate (Matt 5:21-23), and not to judge (Matt 7:1-2) are also implied in this reading. This brings about the notion of accountability in forgiving ... The idea of accountability as related to mercy and forgiveness is very rare in biblical Judaism. Sirach 28:1-7 is the only very close early Jewish parallel. Verses 1-4 are most relevant ..."
Isaac Kahwa Mbabazi, “The Jewish Background to Interperonal Forgiveness in Matthew,” Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology 30.1 (2011): 15–34.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:2 and Matthew 6:12

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