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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Forgiveness and Restraint

Chapter 28

1 He who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord, and he will surely keep his sins in mind.⁠ 2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done, and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.⁠ 3 Does anyone harbor anger against another and expect healing from the Lord?⁠ 4 He has no mercy on a man like himself, yet does he pray for his own sins?⁠ 5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes anger. Who will make atonement for his sins? 6 Remember the end of your life, and put an end to hostility. Remember decay and death, and be true to the commandments. 7 Remember the commandments, and don’t be angry with your neighbor. Remember the covenant of the Highest, and overlook ignorance.

The Fire of Quarrels

8 Stay away from quarrels, and you will reduce your sins, for a hot-tempered man will ignite quarrels. 9 A man who is a sinner will trouble friends and sow discord among those who are at peace. 10 A fire burns according to its fuel, and a quarrel burns according to its intensity. A man’s anger matches his strength, and he increases his anger according to his wealth. 11 A quarrel begun in haste ignites a fire, and hasty fighting sheds blood. 12 If you blow on a spark, it will burn, and if you spit on it, it will be put out. Both of these come out of your mouth.⁠

The Damage of Slander

13 Curse the gossip and the person who speaks with two tongues, for he has destroyed many who were at peace.⁠ 14 A slanderer has shaken many, and dispersed them from nation to nation. It has pulled down strong cities and overthrown the houses of important men. 15 A slanderer has driven out brave women and deprived them of their labors. 16 He who listens to it will not find rest, nor will he live quietly. 17 The stroke of a whip makes a mark in the flesh, but the stroke of a tongue will break bones.

18 Many have fallen by the edge of the sword, yet not so many as those who have fallen because of the tongue. 19 Happy is he who is sheltered from it, who has not passed through its fury, who has not drawn its yoke, and has not been bound with its bands. 20 For its yoke is a yoke of iron, and its bands are bands of brass. 21 The death it causes is an evil death, and Hades is better than it. 22 It will not have power over godly men. They will not be burned in its flame. 23 Those who abandon the Lord will fall into it. It will burn among them, and won’t be put out. It will be sent against them like a lion. It will destroy them like a leopard.

Guarding the Mouth

24 As you surround your possessions with a thorn hedge, and secure your silver and your gold,⁠ 25 so make a set of scales and a weight for your words, and make a door and a bar for your mouth. 26 Be careful not to slip with it, so that you do not fall before one who lies in wait.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:12 and Leviticus Rabbah 33:1

Deuterocanon · Rabbinic

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Summary

Sirach warns that words can begin or end conflict, comparing speech to sparks that glow when you blow on them or die when you spit on them. Leviticus Rabbah quotes this, showing how Rabbinic tradition used Ben Sira like other respected rabbis.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:12

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
11 A quarrel begun in haste ignites a fire,
and hasty fighting sheds blood.
12 If you blow on a spark, it will burn,
and if you spit on it, it will be put out.
Both of these come out of your mouth.
13 Curse the gossip and the person who speaks with two tongues,
for he has destroyed many who were at peace.
14 A slanderer has shaken many,
and dispersed them from nation to nation.
It has pulled down strong cities
and overthrown the houses of important men.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Leviticus Rabbah 33:1

Rabbinic · Aggadah
“The Lord spoke to Moses at Mount Sinai, saying” (Leviticus 25:1). “If you sell a sale item to your counterpart, or acquire from the hand of your counterpart, you shall not wrong one another” (Leviticus 25:14). “The Lord spoke to Moses...if you sell a sale item to your counterpart.” That is what is written: “Death and life are in the power of the tongue” (Proverbs 18:21). Aquila translated it regarding a spoon-knife; death from here and life from there. Bar Sira said: If one has a coal before him, if he blows on it, it burns; if he spits on it, it is extinguished. Rabbi Yanai said: If there was an untithed loaf; if one ate it before he tithed it, death is in the power of the tongue. If he tithed it and ate it, life is in the power of the tongue. Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said: If there was a basket of figs before him; if one ate it before he tithed it, death is in the power of the tongue.
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus Rabbah

References

"... The book of Ben Sira, a work at the fringes of the Jewish biblical canon, posed a different sort of problem for the rabbis. The rabbis affirm that Ben Sira is not included in the biblical canon (t. Yad. 2:13). Nevertheless, it is clear that the book enjoyed widespread popularity in both rabbinic and non-rabbinic circles (Leiman 1991, 99–102). Indeed, the content of Ben Sira is consistent with rabbinic wisdom statements and is cited frequently in rabbinic literature (Segal 1958, 37–42); several rabbis even take credit for teachings found in the book (Pirkei Avot 4:4; b. Shabbat 11a). There is not an obvious pattern to the subject matter or verses that the rabbis cite, although Tal Ilan (2006) notes that a significant percentage of them concern women. Other subject matter quoted include attitudes toward esoteric knowledge, appropriate social conduct and manners, and hospitality (Labendz 2006, 381). Of course, Ben Sira’s famous identification of wisdom with Torah resembles that found in rabbinic literature, even if the rabbis never quote Sirach 24. Whether the rabbis would be willing to rely upon a non-canonical work as a source of wisdom regardless of its content, however, was an open question ..."
Ari Mermelstein, “Wisdom and the Rabbis,” in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Wisdom Literature, ed. Samuel L. Adams and Matthew Goff (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2020), 368–388.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:12 and Leviticus Rabbah 33:1

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