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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Forgiveness and Restraint

Chapter 28

1 He who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord, and he will surely keep his sins in mind.⁠ 2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done, and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.⁠ 3 Does anyone harbor anger against another and expect healing from the Lord?⁠ 4 He has no mercy on a man like himself, yet does he pray for his own sins?⁠ 5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes anger. Who will make atonement for his sins? 6 Remember the end of your life, and put an end to hostility. Remember decay and death, and be true to the commandments. 7 Remember the commandments, and don’t be angry with your neighbor. Remember the covenant of the Highest, and overlook ignorance.

The Fire of Quarrels

8 Stay away from quarrels, and you will reduce your sins, for a hot-tempered man will ignite quarrels. 9 A man who is a sinner will trouble friends and sow discord among those who are at peace. 10 A fire burns according to its fuel, and a quarrel burns according to its intensity. A man’s anger matches his strength, and he increases his anger according to his wealth. 11 A quarrel begun in haste ignites a fire, and hasty fighting sheds blood. 12 If you blow on a spark, it will burn, and if you spit on it, it will be put out. Both of these come out of your mouth.⁠

The Damage of Slander

13 Curse the gossip and the person who speaks with two tongues, for he has destroyed many who were at peace.⁠ 14 A slanderer has shaken many, and dispersed them from nation to nation. It has pulled down strong cities and overthrown the houses of important men. 15 A slanderer has driven out brave women and deprived them of their labors. 16 He who listens to it will not find rest, nor will he live quietly. 17 The stroke of a whip makes a mark in the flesh, but the stroke of a tongue will break bones.

18 Many have fallen by the edge of the sword, yet not so many as those who have fallen because of the tongue. 19 Happy is he who is sheltered from it, who has not passed through its fury, who has not drawn its yoke, and has not been bound with its bands. 20 For its yoke is a yoke of iron, and its bands are bands of brass. 21 The death it causes is an evil death, and Hades is better than it. 22 It will not have power over godly men. They will not be burned in its flame. 23 Those who abandon the Lord will fall into it. It will burn among them, and won’t be put out. It will be sent against them like a lion. It will destroy them like a leopard.

Guarding the Mouth

24 As you surround your possessions with a thorn hedge, and secure your silver and your gold,⁠ 25 so make a set of scales and a weight for your words, and make a door and a bar for your mouth. 26 Be careful not to slip with it, so that you do not fall before one who lies in wait.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:12 and James 3:6

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

James echoes themes from Jewish wisdom writings such as Sirach 28, which urges people to avoid gossip and harmful speech. Sirach compares speech to fire that can either destroy or bring peace, showing how slander damages relationships and communities.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:12

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
12 If you blow on a spark, it will burn,
and if you spit on it, it will be put out.
Both of these come out of your mouth.
13 Curse the gossip and the person who speaks with two tongues,
for he has destroyed many who were at peace.
14 A slanderer has shaken many,
and dispersed them from nation to nation.
It has pulled down strong cities
and overthrown the houses of important men.
15 A slanderer has driven out brave women
and deprived them of their labors.
16 He who listens to it will not find rest,
nor will he live quietly.
17 The stroke of a whip makes a mark in the flesh,
but the stroke of a tongue will break bones.
18 Many have fallen by the edge of the sword,
yet not so many as those who have fallen because of the tongue.
19 Happy is he who is sheltered from it,
who has not passed through its fury,
who has not drawn its yoke,
and has not been bound with its bands.
20 For its yoke is a yoke of iron,
and its bands are bands of brass.
21 The death it causes is an evil death,
and Hades is better than it.
22 It will not have power over godly men.
They will not be burned in its flame.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

James 3:6

New Testament
5 So, too, the tongue is a small part of the body, yet it has great pretensions. Think how small a flame sets a huge forest ablaze. 6 And the tongue is a fire! The tongue represents the world of wrongdoing among the parts of our bodies. It pollutes the entire body and sets fire to the course of human existence—and is set on fire by hell. 7 For every kind of animal, bird, reptile, and sea creature is subdued and has been subdued by humankind. 8 But no human being can subdue the tongue; it is a restless evil, full of deadly poison. 9 With it we bless the Lord and Father, and with it we curse people made in God’s image. 10 From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. These things should not be so, my brothers and sisters.
50–120 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... Although an inner texture analysis has been performed on James 3:1-12, there still remains unanswered questions. It is evident that the controlling of one’s tongue was important enough for James to address, therefore leading to the question of why James gave advice for controlling the tongue. According to Neyrey, control of the tongue was a standard topic in traditional moral exhortations and much traditional material such as proverbs, stock phases, and typical illustrations are seen in the text as emphasis was placed on careful speech. DeSilva states that James “treats many of the same topics in much the same way as the earlier Jewish wisdom tradition, adding to the collective wisdom of that tradition.” Rieser also agrees that the book of James is considered wisdom theology; a letter that grows out of the Old Testament and intertestamental wisdom literature. James can be considered a book that employs Jewish wisdom tradition. As described by DeSilva, regarding the topic for control of the tongue, James can be compared with other wisdom literature such as James 1:19 and Sirach 5:11-6:1 (also Sirach 22:27-23:1; 23:7-8)—slow to speak; James 3:6, Proverbs 16:27—on speech being like a fire; James 3:9-12, Sirach 28:12—the anomaly of the mouth as the source of opposite substances and effects; James 5:12; Sirach 23:9-11—against swearing oaths ..."
Tonya Banks, Controlling One’s Tongue in Leadership: A Socio-Rhetorical Inner-Textual Analysis of James 3:1-12 and Quantitative Analysis Pilot Study (Regent University, 2012), 87–133.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:12 and James 3:6

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