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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Forgiveness and Restraint

Chapter 28

1 He who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord, and he will surely keep his sins in mind.⁠ 2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done, and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.⁠ 3 Does anyone harbor anger against another and expect healing from the Lord?⁠ 4 He has no mercy on a man like himself, yet does he pray for his own sins?⁠ 5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes anger. Who will make atonement for his sins? 6 Remember the end of your life, and put an end to hostility. Remember decay and death, and be true to the commandments. 7 Remember the commandments, and don’t be angry with your neighbor. Remember the covenant of the Highest, and overlook ignorance.

The Fire of Quarrels

8 Stay away from quarrels, and you will reduce your sins, for a hot-tempered man will ignite quarrels. 9 A man who is a sinner will trouble friends and sow discord among those who are at peace. 10 A fire burns according to its fuel, and a quarrel burns according to its intensity. A man’s anger matches his strength, and he increases his anger according to his wealth. 11 A quarrel begun in haste ignites a fire, and hasty fighting sheds blood. 12 If you blow on a spark, it will burn, and if you spit on it, it will be put out. Both of these come out of your mouth.⁠

The Damage of Slander

13 Curse the gossip and the person who speaks with two tongues, for he has destroyed many who were at peace.⁠ 14 A slanderer has shaken many, and dispersed them from nation to nation. It has pulled down strong cities and overthrown the houses of important men. 15 A slanderer has driven out brave women and deprived them of their labors. 16 He who listens to it will not find rest, nor will he live quietly. 17 The stroke of a whip makes a mark in the flesh, but the stroke of a tongue will break bones.

18 Many have fallen by the edge of the sword, yet not so many as those who have fallen because of the tongue. 19 Happy is he who is sheltered from it, who has not passed through its fury, who has not drawn its yoke, and has not been bound with its bands. 20 For its yoke is a yoke of iron, and its bands are bands of brass. 21 The death it causes is an evil death, and Hades is better than it. 22 It will not have power over godly men. They will not be burned in its flame. 23 Those who abandon the Lord will fall into it. It will burn among them, and won’t be put out. It will be sent against them like a lion. It will destroy them like a leopard.

Guarding the Mouth

24 As you surround your possessions with a thorn hedge, and secure your silver and your gold,⁠ 25 so make a set of scales and a weight for your words, and make a door and a bar for your mouth. 26 Be careful not to slip with it, so that you do not fall before one who lies in wait.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:1 and Matthew 18:23

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew 18, Jesus' parable of the unforgiving servant teaches that those who withhold mercy from others bring judgment on themselves. This resembles Sirach, reflecting a common Jewish tradition that forgiving others is connected to being forgiven.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:1

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 He who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord,
and he will surely keep his sins in mind.
2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done,
and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.
3 Does anyone harbor anger against another
and expect healing from the Lord?
4 He has no mercy on a man like himself,
yet does he pray for his own sins?
5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes anger.
Who will make atonement for his sins?
6 Remember the end of your life, and put an end to hostility.
Remember decay and death, and be true to the commandments.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Matthew 18:23

New Testament
23 “For this reason, the kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to settle accounts with his slaves. 24 As he began settling his accounts, a man who owed 10,000 talents was brought to him. 25 Because he was not able to repay it, the lord ordered him to be sold, along with his wife, children, and whatever he possessed, and repayment to be made. 26 Then the slave threw himself to the ground before him, saying, ‘Be patient with me, and I will repay you everything.’ 27 The lord had compassion on that slave and released him, and forgave him the debt. 28 “After he went out, that same slave found one of his fellow slaves who owed him 100 silver coins. So he grabbed him by the throat and started to choke him, saying, ‘Pay back what you owe me!’ 29 Then his fellow slave threw himself down and begged him, ‘Be patient with me, and I will repay you.’ 30 But he refused. Instead, he went out and threw him in prison until he repaid the debt. 31 When his fellow slaves saw what had happened, they were very upset and went and told their lord everything that had taken place. 32 Then his lord called the first slave and said to him, ‘Evil slave! I forgave you all that debt because you begged me! 33 Should you not have shown mercy to your fellow slave, just as I showed it to you?’ 34 And in anger his lord turned him over to the prison guards to torture him until he repaid all he owed. 35 “So also my heavenly Father will do to you, if each of you does not forgive your brother from your heart.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... In Matthew’s Gospel we see the idea of reciprocity, the idea of conditionality, the link between mercy and forgiveness and the punishment that comes for reluctance to practise mercy/forgiveness. For the first Evangelist, refusing to show mercy to or to forgive others leads to God’s refusal to do the same to the unmerciful or unforgiving person. More than that, it calls for punishment upon them. This is powerfully stated in the parable of the unmerciful debtor in Matthew 18:23-35 and implicitly in Matthew 6:15. Demands to be merciful (Matt 5:7), not to retaliate (Matt 5:21-23), and not to judge (Matt 7:1-2) are also implied in this reading. This brings about the notion of accountability in forgiving ... The idea of accountability as related to mercy and forgiveness is very rare in biblical Judaism. Sirach 28:1-7 is the only very close early Jewish parallel. Verses 1-4 are most relevant ..."
Isaac Kahwa Mbabazi, “The Jewish Background to Interperonal Forgiveness in Matthew,” Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology 30.1 (2011): 15–34.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:1 and Matthew 18:23

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