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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Temptations of Commerce

Chapter 27

1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 Sin pushes in between buying and selling like a nail wedged between the joints of stones. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly.

Testing Character through Words

4 When a sieve is shaken, refuse remains. So a person’s filth remains in his thoughts.⁠ 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels, so the test of a person is in his thoughts.⁠ 6 The fruit of a tree reveals its cultivation, and spoken words reveal the thoughts of a person’s heart.⁠ 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested. 8 If you follow righteousness, you will obtain it, and put it on like a long robe of glory. 9 Birds will return to their own kind, so truth will return to those who practice it. 10 The lion lies in wait for prey. So does sin for those who do evil.

The Talk of Fools

11 The speech of a godly man is always wise, but the fool changes like the moon. 12 Limit your time among people without understanding, but persevere among the thoughtful.⁠ 13 The talk of fools is offensive. Their laughter is recklessly sinful. 14 Their talk with much swearing makes hair stand on end. Their quarrels makes others plug their ears. 15 The quarrels of the proud leads to bloodshed. Their abuse of each other is painful to hear.

Keeping a Friend’s Secrets

16 He who reveals secrets destroys trust, and will not find a close friend. 17 Love a friend, and keep faith with him, but if you reveal his secrets, do not follow him, 18 for you have destroyed your neighbor’s friendship like a man who has destroyed his enemy. 19 You have let your neighbor go like a bird released from your hand, and you will not catch him again. 20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bandaged, and after abuse there may be reconciliation, but he who reveals secrets is without hope.

Deception and Its Consequences

22 One who winks the eye plans evil things, and those who know him will keep their distance.⁠ 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words, but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him. 25 One who throws a stone straight up throws it on his own head. A deceitful blow opens wounds. 26 He who digs a pit will fall into it. He who sets a snare will be caught in it. 27 The evil a person does will roll back on him, and he will not know where they came from. 28 Mockery and reproach are from the arrogant. Vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion. 29 Those who celebrate the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare. Anguish will consume them before they die.

Anger and Forgiveness

30 Fury and anger are also detestable. A sinner will possess them.

Continue to 1 Esdras

Texts in conversation

The Use of Sirach in Jesus' Teaching About Fruit

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew, Jesus teaches that people are known by their fruit, describing how behavior reveals character. This is similar to Sirach’s teaching that a tree’s fruit reveals how healthy it is, just like a person's speech reveals their mind.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 27:6

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord,
his house will be overthrown quickly.
4 When a sieve is shaken, refuse remains.
So a person’s filth remains in his thoughts.
5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels,
so the test of a person is in his thoughts.
6 The fruit of a tree reveals its cultivation,
and spoken words reveal the thoughts of a person’s heart.
7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts,
for this is how people are tested.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Matthew 7:19

New Testament
15 “Watch out for false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing but inwardly are voracious wolves. 16 You will recognize them by their fruit. Grapes are not gathered from thorns or figs from thistles, are they? 17 In the same way, every good tree bears good fruit, but the bad tree bears bad fruit. 18 A good tree is not able to bear bad fruit, nor a bad tree to bear good fruit. 19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is cut down and thrown into the fire. 20 So then, you will recognize them by their fruit.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... In Judaism the Old Testament already distinguished between true and false prophets, and one can see that the notion of 'pseudo-prophet' becomes more conspicuous in the LXX, in Josephus, and in Philo. Primitive Christianity from early on developed its own version of false prophecy, so that by the time of the SM the existence of Christian false prophets could be taken for granted. They not only existed, but they posed a serious threat to the community, so much so that a special warning against them was felt to be in order. The section as a whole has two concerns. First, there is the traditional warning against such false prophets; second, given the danger these people present, a method for their detection is recommended. This method takes its clues from agricultural experience and wisdom. It sounds somewhat simplistic, but in reality it is not. (See also Sirach 27:6 ... also Jeremiah 17:10) The experiences referred to in verses 16b and 17-19 are merely examples of a more general truth, so that the simplicity is deceptive. Heinrici clearly recognized this point, and referred to parallels in Aristotle ..."
Hans Dieter Betz and Adela Yarbro Collins, The Sermon on the Mount: A Commentary on the Sermon on the Mount, Including the Sermon on the Plain (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1995), 529.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 27:6 and Matthew 7:19

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