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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Temptations of Commerce

Chapter 27

1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 Sin pushes in between buying and selling like a nail wedged between the joints of stones. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly.

Testing Character through Words

4 When a sieve is shaken, refuse remains. So a person’s filth remains in his thoughts.⁠ 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels, so the test of a person is in his thoughts.⁠ 6 The fruit of a tree reveals its cultivation, and spoken words reveal the thoughts of a person’s heart.⁠ 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested. 8 If you follow righteousness, you will obtain it, and put it on like a long robe of glory. 9 Birds will return to their own kind, so truth will return to those who practice it. 10 The lion lies in wait for prey. So does sin for those who do evil.

The Talk of Fools

11 The speech of a godly man is always wise, but the fool changes like the moon. 12 Limit your time among people without understanding, but persevere among the thoughtful.⁠ 13 The talk of fools is offensive. Their laughter is recklessly sinful. 14 Their talk with much swearing makes hair stand on end. Their quarrels makes others plug their ears. 15 The quarrels of the proud leads to bloodshed. Their abuse of each other is painful to hear.

Keeping a Friend’s Secrets

16 He who reveals secrets destroys trust, and will not find a close friend. 17 Love a friend, and keep faith with him, but if you reveal his secrets, do not follow him, 18 for you have destroyed your neighbor’s friendship like a man who has destroyed his enemy. 19 You have let your neighbor go like a bird released from your hand, and you will not catch him again. 20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bandaged, and after abuse there may be reconciliation, but he who reveals secrets is without hope.

Deception and Its Consequences

22 One who winks the eye plans evil things, and those who know him will keep their distance.⁠ 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words, but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him. 25 One who throws a stone straight up throws it on his own head. A deceitful blow opens wounds. 26 He who digs a pit will fall into it. He who sets a snare will be caught in it. 27 The evil a person does will roll back on him, and he will not know where they came from. 28 Mockery and reproach are from the arrogant. Vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion. 29 Those who celebrate the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare. Anguish will consume them before they die.

Anger and Forgiveness

30 Fury and anger are also detestable. A sinner will possess them.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 27:5 and Cyprian, Treatises 11:13

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Cyprian uses Sirach as an authoritative source for teaching, repeating its description of how a clay pot in fire is similar to how suffering and difficulty reveal inner character.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 27:5

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord,
his house will be overthrown quickly.
4 When a sieve is shaken, refuse remains.
So a person’s filth remains in his thoughts.
5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels,
so the test of a person is in his thoughts.
6 The fruit of a tree reveals its cultivation,
and spoken words reveal the thoughts of a person’s heart.
7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts,
for this is how people are tested.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Cyprian, Treatises 11:13

Early Christian
13 In Deuteronomy: “The Lord your God tests you, to know whether you love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength.” And again in Solomon: “The furnace proves the potter’s vessels, and the trial of affliction proves righteous men.” Paul too testifies to the same and says: “We boast in the hope of the glory of God. And not only that, but we also boast in afflictions, knowing that affliction produces endurance, and endurance proven character, and proven character hope; and hope does not put to shame, because the love of God has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us.” And Peter in his letter writes and says: “Beloved, do not be surprised at the fiery trial that comes upon you, which comes to test you, and do not fall away, as though something new were happening to you. But as often as you share in the sufferings of Christ, rejoice in all things, that at the revelation of his glory you may rejoice and exult. If you are reproached in the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the name of the majesty and power of the Lord rests on you; by them indeed it is blasphemed, but by us it is honored.”
245–260 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Cyprian, Treatises

References

"... The eighty-fifth of the Apostolical Canons provides a list of the books in the Hebrew Canon and additionally includes the first three books of the Maccabees and the Wisdom of Sirach. However, these last four books are not included in the Canon, although the Wisdom of Sirach is specially recommended for the instruction of the young. In the Apostolical Constitutions, specifically in sections vi. 14 and 15 (also known as the Didascalia), quotations from Sirach are given with the same formula as those from the books of the Hebrew Canon. Yet, in section ii. 57 of the same work, there is no mention of any of the books of the Apocrypha. On the other hand, at the Council of Hippo in A.D. 393, Sirach was specially mentioned as one of the canonical books. This was further supported at the Council of Carthage in A.D. 397, where the "five books of Solomon," namely Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canticles, Wisdom, and Sirach, were reckoned among the canonical Scriptures. (Between the years A.D. 390 and 419 no less than six councils were held in Africa, and four of these at Carthage. For a time, under the inspiration of Aurelius and Augustine, the Church of Tertullian and Cyprian was filled with a new life before its fatal desolation ...) This decision was also confirmed by the Council of Carthage in A.D. 419. As we delve into what the Church Fathers have said regarding the canonicity of the book, our attention first turns to the Eastern Church ..."
R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (Oxford University Press, 1913), 299.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 27:5 and Cyprian, Treatises 11:13

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