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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Temptations of Commerce

Chapter 27

1 Many have sinned for profit. He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away. 2 Sin pushes in between buying and selling like a nail wedged between the joints of stones. 3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord, his house will be overthrown quickly.

Testing Character through Words

4 When a sieve is shaken, refuse remains. So a person’s filth remains in his thoughts.⁠ 5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels, so the test of a person is in his thoughts.⁠ 6 The fruit of a tree reveals its cultivation, and spoken words reveal the thoughts of a person’s heart.⁠ 7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts, for this is how people are tested. 8 If you follow righteousness, you will obtain it, and put it on like a long robe of glory. 9 Birds will return to their own kind, so truth will return to those who practice it. 10 The lion lies in wait for prey. So does sin for those who do evil.

The Talk of Fools

11 The speech of a godly man is always wise, but the fool changes like the moon. 12 Limit your time among people without understanding, but persevere among the thoughtful.⁠ 13 The talk of fools is offensive. Their laughter is recklessly sinful. 14 Their talk with much swearing makes hair stand on end. Their quarrels makes others plug their ears. 15 The quarrels of the proud leads to bloodshed. Their abuse of each other is painful to hear.

Keeping a Friend’s Secrets

16 He who reveals secrets destroys trust, and will not find a close friend. 17 Love a friend, and keep faith with him, but if you reveal his secrets, do not follow him, 18 for you have destroyed your neighbor’s friendship like a man who has destroyed his enemy. 19 You have let your neighbor go like a bird released from your hand, and you will not catch him again. 20 Don’t pursue him, for he has gone far away, and has escaped like a gazelle out of the snare. 21 For a wound may be bandaged, and after abuse there may be reconciliation, but he who reveals secrets is without hope.

Deception and Its Consequences

22 One who winks the eye plans evil things, and those who know him will keep their distance.⁠ 23 When you are present, he will speak sweetly, and will admire your words, but afterward he will twist his speech and set a trap in your words. 24 I have hated many things, but nothing like him. The Lord will hate him. 25 One who throws a stone straight up throws it on his own head. A deceitful blow opens wounds. 26 He who digs a pit will fall into it. He who sets a snare will be caught in it. 27 The evil a person does will roll back on him, and he will not know where they came from. 28 Mockery and reproach are from the arrogant. Vengeance lies in wait for them like a lion. 29 Those who celebrate the fall of the godly will be caught in a snare. Anguish will consume them before they die.

Anger and Forgiveness

30 Fury and anger are also detestable. A sinner will possess them.

Continue to 1 Esdras

Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 27:4 and Matthew 12:33

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

In Matthew 12, Jesus echoes a saying from Sirach that compares speech to fruit that shows if a tree is healthy. The image illustrates how language reveals inner character and is used often in Jewish, Rabbinic, and Greco-Roman moral traditions.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 27:4

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
1 Many have sinned for profit.
He who seeks to multiply wealth will turn his eye away.
2 Sin pushes in between buying and selling
like a nail wedged between the joints of stones.
3 Unless a person holds on diligently to the fear of the Lord,
his house will be overthrown quickly.
4 When a sieve is shaken, refuse remains.
So a person’s filth remains in his thoughts.
5 The furnace tests the potter’s vessels,
so the test of a person is in his thoughts.
6 The fruit of a tree reveals its cultivation,
and spoken words reveal the thoughts of a person’s heart.
7 Praise no man before you hear his thoughts,
for this is how people are tested.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Matthew 12:33

New Testament
33 “Make a tree good and its fruit will be good, or make a tree bad and its fruit will be bad, for a tree is known by its fruit. 34 Offspring of vipers! How are you able to say anything good, since you are evil? For the mouth speaks from what fills the heart. 35 The good person brings good things out of his good treasury, and the evil person brings evil things out of his evil treasury. 36 I tell you that on the day of judgment, people will give an account for every worthless word they speak. 37 For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.”
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Matthew

References

"... Evans finds numerous parallels in the rabbinic literature to Matthew 12:34, but this saying is absent from Matthew 7:15-23 and Luke 6:43-45. Betz cites several Greek moral writers as having parallel sayings to Jesus’ proverbs, but most notably, he mentions Aristotle, Aesop, and Diogenes. Nolland also cites Plutarch in his list, “Epict., Diss. 2.20.18-19; Plut., Tranq. an. 13; Mor. 472F; Seneca, Ep. 87.25,” and sees some parallel to Sirach 27:6 and the Testament of Naphtali 2:6. When citing his parallels for Matthew 7, Luz claims that “There are no direct Jewish sources” and he describes Evan and Nolland’s allusion to Sirach 27:6 as only “Somewhat similar.” However, when citing parallels for Matthew 12, Luz sees some parallel to Sirach 27:6 (as does Turner) and the Testament of Naphtali 2:6 ..."
Ronald M. Rothenberg, A Virtue Ethical View of Trinitarian Sanctification: Jesus' Roles as Teacher, Example, and Priest (Fontes, 2019), 144.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 27:4 and Matthew 12:33

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