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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Happiness in Marriage

Chapter 26

1 Happy is the husband of a good wife. The number of his days will be doubled. 2 A faithful wife gives joy to her husband. He will fulfill his years in peace. 3 A good wife is a great gift. She will be given to those who fear the Lord.⁠ 4 Whether a man is rich or poor, a good heart makes a cheerful face at all times.

Fears and Family Discord

5 My heart was afraid of three things, and I prayed about a fourth: The slander of a city, the assembly of a mob, and a false accusation. All these are more painful than death. 6 A woman who is jealous of another woman is grief of heart and sorrow. Her tongue-lashing makes it known to all. 7 A wicked woman is like a chafing yoke. He who takes hold of her is like one who grasps a scorpion. 8 A drunken woman causes great anger. She will not cover her own shame.⁠ 9 A woman’s sexual immorality shows in her raised eyes and will be known by her eyelids.⁠ 10 Keep strict watch on a headstrong daughter, in case she finds freedom for herself and uses it. 11 Watch out for an shameless eye, and don’t be surprised if it sins against you. 12 She will open her mouth like a thirsty traveler, and drink from every water that is near. She will sit down at every post, and open her quiver to any arrow.

A Good Wife’s Gifts

13 The grace of a wife will delight her husband. Her knowledge will strengthen his bones. 14 A silent woman is a gift from the Lord. Nothing is worth as much as a well-instructed soul. 15 A modest woman is grace added to grace. There are no scales that can weigh the value of a self-controlled soul. 16 The beauty of a good wife in her well-organized home is like the sun rising in the highest places of the Lord. 17 The beauty of a face on a well-proportioned body is like a lamp shining on the holy lampstand. 18 Beautiful feet with the breasts of someone steadfast are like golden pillars on a silver base.

Causes of Sorrow

28 For two things my heart is distressed, and for the third anger comes on me: a warrior who suffers because of poverty, men of understanding who are counted as garbage, and one who turns back from righteousness to sin. The Lord will prepare him for the sword!

The Risks of Commerce

29 It is difficult for a merchant to keep himself from wrongdoing, and for a retailer to be acquitted of sin.⁠

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 26:29 and Revelation 18:3

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation 18 echoes Sirach 26 in portraying merchants linked to injustice. Sirach describes the merchant as unable to avoid sin, while Revelation includes merchants among those who become rich through corrupt association with imperial luxury.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 26:29

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
28 For two things my heart is distressed,
and for the third anger comes on me:
a warrior who suffers because of poverty,
men of understanding who are counted as garbage,
and one who turns back from righteousness to sin.
The Lord will prepare him for the sword!
29 It is difficult for a merchant to keep himself from wrongdoing,
and for a retailer to be acquitted of sin.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Revelation 18:3

New Testament
2 He shouted with a powerful voice: “Fallen, fallen, is Babylon the great! She has become a lair for demons, a haunt for every unclean spirit, a haunt for every unclean bird, a haunt for every unclean and detested beast. 3 For all the nations have fallen from the wine of her immoral passion, and the kings of the earth have committed sexual immorality with her, and the merchants of the earth have gotten rich from the power of her sensual behavior.” 4 Then I heard another voice from heaven saying, “Come out of her, my people, so you will not take part in her sins and so you will not receive her plagues,
80–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The only other place emporos appears in the New Testament is in the book of Revelation, and the description is not complimentary. Depicting the Roman Empire as a whore, Revelation 18:3 connects the “kings of the earth” who have “committed fornication with her” to the “merchants of the earth” who “have waxed rich through the abundance of her delicacies.” ... Merchants receive similarly dismissive treatment in the Septuagint ... emporoi sell Joseph into slavery (Genesis 37:28), fill Solomon’s overextended coffers (1 Kings 10:15, 28; 2 Chronicles 1:16), sell other Israelites into slavery (1 Maccabees 3:41; 2 Maccabees 8:34), and epitomize transgression. As Sirach 26:29 states, “A merchant (emporos) can hardly keep from wrongdoing, nor is a tradesman (kapelos) innocent of sin.” Merchants are not to be trusted to provide honest responses (Sirach 37:11), although the sage does state that one should not be ashamed of taking profit from them (42:5) ..."
Amy-Jill Levine, Short Stories by Jesus: The Enigmatic Parables of a Controversial Rabbi (New York: HarperOne, 2014), 152–153.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 26:29 and Revelation 18:3

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