Go to Related Reading
About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Harmony and the Wisdom of Age

Chapter 25

1 I enjoy three things, and they are beautiful to the Lord and to people: the agreement of relatives, the friendship of neighbors, and a woman and her husband who walk together in agreement. 2 But my soul hates three kinds of people, and I am greatly offended by how they live: a poor man who is arrogant, a rich man who is a liar, and an old fool who is an adulterer.

3 If you gathered nothing in your youth, how could you find anything in your old age? 4 How beautiful is judgment among the gray-haired, and for elders to know good advice!⁠ 5 How beautiful is the wisdom of old men, and understanding and advice to honored men! 6 Much experience is the crown of the aged. Their glory is the fear of the Lord.⁠

The Things That Bring Happiness

7 There are nine things I have thought about and judged fortunate in my heart, and I will speak of a tenth with my tongue:⁠ a man who has joy with his children, and a man who lives and sees the fall of his enemies.⁠ 8 Happy is he who lives with a wife of understanding, he who has not slipped with his tongue, and he who has not served a man who is unworthy of him. 9 Happy is he who has found prudence, and he who speaks in the ears of those who listen. 10 How great is he who has found wisdom! Yet there is no one greater than one who fears the Lord. 11 The fear of the Lord surpasses all things. To whom can someone who holds it be compared?

Hostility and a Troubled Marriage

13 Any wound but a wound of the heart! Any wickedness but the wickedness of a woman!⁠ 14 Any disaster but a disaster from those who hate me! Any vengeance but the vengeance of enemies! 15 There is no venom worse than a snake’s venom. There is no anger worse than an enemy’s anger.

16 I would rather live with a lion and a dragon than keep house with a wicked woman. 17 The wickedness of a woman changes her appearance, and darkens her face like that of a bear. 18 Her husband will sit among his neighbors, and when he hears it, he sighs bitterly. 19 All malice is small compared to the malice of a woman. Let a sinner’s fate fall on her. 20 A wife full of words is to a quiet man what walking up a sandy hill is to the feet of the elderly. 21 Don’t be ensnared by a woman’s beauty. Don’t desire a woman for her beauty. 22 There is anger, shamelessness, and great disgrace if a woman supports her husband.⁠

23 A wicked woman is a downcast heart, a sad face, and a wounded heart. A woman who won’t make her husband happy is like hands that hang down, and weak knees.⁠ 24 The beginning of sin came from a woman. Because of her, we all die.⁠ 25 Don’t give water an outlet, and don’t give a wicked woman freedom of speech. 26 If she doesn’t follow your directions, cut her away from your flesh.⁠

Continue to 1 Esdras

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 16:31 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 25:4

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

Share:

Summary

Proverbs connects gray hair with honor, portraying it as the visible reward of a righteous life. Sirach expands this, turning the image into a celebration of wisdom and stability. They portray old age not as decline but as a stage of dignity.

Passages

Proverbs 16:31

Hebrew Bible
29 A violent person entices his neighbor, and then leads him down a path that is terrible. 30 The one who winks his eyes devises perverse things, and one who compresses his lips has accomplished evil. 31 Gray hair is like a crown of glory; it is attained in the path of righteousness. 32 Better to be slow to anger than to be a mighty warrior, and one who controls his temper is better than one who captures a city. 33 The dice are thrown into the lap, but their every decision is from the Lord.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 25:4

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
2 But my soul hates three kinds of people,
and I am greatly offended by how they live:
a poor man who is arrogant,
a rich man who is a liar,
and an old fool who is an adulterer.
3 If you gathered nothing in your youth,
how could you find anything in your old age?
4 How beautiful is judgment among the gray-haired,
and for elders to know good advice!
5 How beautiful is the wisdom of old men,
and understanding and advice to honored men!
6 Much experience is the crown of the aged.
Their glory is the fear of the Lord.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... Ageing is a biological process that affects both the human body and mind. As in many cultures, in Old Testament literature the physiognomy of old age is determined by bent posture and grey or white hair. Even in the time of eschatological salvation, old people will need a stick to walk (Zechariah 8:4). Since the second characteristic, grey hair, is such an important topos of old age, the term used in ancient Israel for old people is derived from it: the Hebrew śēbāh has two meanings, “grey hair” and “old age”. However, grey hair can also be regarded positively as a sign of honor and the righteous living of old and wise people, as two passages from the book of Proverbs illustrate: “Grey hair is a crown of glory; it is gained in a righteous life” (Proverbs 16:31) ... According to the Old Testament writings, wisdom and old age are closely related and lead to a privileged position of wise, old people in society. In many cases, the worldly wisdom of parents and the elderly is emphasized: “How attractive is sound judgment in the grey-haired, and for the aged to possess good counsel! How attractive is wisdom in the aged, and understanding and counsel in the venerable! Rich experience is the crown of the aged, and their boast is the fear of the Lord” (Sirach 25:4–6) ..."
Christian A. Neumann, Old Age before Modernity: Case Studies and Methodological Perspectives, 500 BC–1700 AD (Heidelberg: Heidelberg University, 2023), 171–174.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Proverbs 16:31 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 25:4

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library