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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

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Wisdom’s Praise

Chapter 24

1 Wisdom will praise her own soul, and will proclaim her glory among her people.⁠ 2 She will open her mouth in the congregation of the Most High, and proclaim her glory in the presence of his power. 3 “I came out of the mouth of the Most High, and covered the earth like a mist.⁠ 4 I lived in high places, and my throne is in the pillar of the cloud.⁠ 5 Alone I circled heaven, and walked in the depth of the abyss. 6 Among the waves of the sea, and in all the earth, and among every people and nation, I obtained a possession. 7 Among all these I sought rest. In whose inheritance will I stay?

8 Then the Creator of all things gave me a command. He who created me settled my tent, and said, ‘Let your dwelling be in Jacob, and your inheritance in Israel.’⁠ 9 He created me from the beginning, before the ages. For all ages, I will not cease to exist.⁠ 10 In the holy tabernacle, I served before him. So I was established in Zion. 11 In the beloved city, likewise he gave me rest. My domain was in Jerusalem. 12 I took root in an honored people, in the portion of the Lord’s own inheritance.

13 I was exalted like a cedar in Lebanon, and like a cypress tree on the mountains of Hermon.⁠ 14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the seashore, like rose bushes in Jericho, and like a beautiful olive tree in the plain. I was exalted like a plane tree. 15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus, I have given a scent to perfumes. Like choice myrrh, I spread a pleasant fragrance, like galbanum,⁠ onycha, stacte,⁠ and like the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle. 16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches. My branches are glorious and graceful. 17 Like the vine, I produced grace. My flowers are the fruit of glory and riches.

19 “Come to me, all you who desire me, and be filled with my fruits. 20 For my memory is sweeter than honey, and my inheritance than the honeycomb. 21 Those who eat me will be hungry for more. Those who drink me will be thirsty for more. 22 He who obeys me will not be ashamed. Those who work with me will not sin.”⁠

Wisdom and the Covenant

23 All these things are the book of the covenant of the Most High God, the law which Moses commanded us for an inheritance for the assemblies of Jacob.⁠ 25 It is he who makes wisdom abundant, like the Pishon, and like the Tigris in the days of first fruits.⁠ 26 He makes understanding full like the Euphrates, and like the Jordan in the days of harvest, 27 who makes instruction shine like the light, like the Gihon in the days of grape harvest. 28 The first man didn’t know her perfectly. In the same way, the last has not explored her.⁠ 29 For her thoughts are filled from the sea, and her advice from the great deep.

Teaching for Future Generations

30 I came out like a canal stream from a river, and like an irrigation ditch into a garden. 31 I said, “I will water my garden, and will drench my garden bed.” Look, my stream became a river, and my river became a sea. 32 I will yet bring instruction to light like the morning, and will make these things clear from far away.⁠ 33 I will continue to pour out teaching like prophecy, and leave it to all generations.⁠ 34 See that I have not worked only for myself, but for all those who diligently seek wisdom.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 24:32 and Bava Batra 12a

Deuterocanon · Rabbinic

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Summary

Rabbinic tradition in tractate Bava Batra says that teachers will become more important than prophets. This is also found in Sirach, which says that teaching will be “poured out like prophecy,” showing how this tradition was already established.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 24:32

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
30 I came out like a canal stream from a river,
and like an irrigation ditch into a garden.
31 I said, “I will water my garden,
and will drench my garden bed.”
Look, my stream became a river,
and my river became a sea.
32 I will yet bring instruction to light like the morning,
and will make these things clear from far away.
33 I will continue to pour out teaching like prophecy,
and leave it to all generations.
34 See that I have not worked only for myself,
but for all those who diligently seek wisdom.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Bava Batra 12a

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
§ In connection with Rabbi Yosei’s statement that Sumakhos’s words are nothing but words of prophecy, the Gemara reports that Rabbi Avdimi from Haifa says: From the day that the Temple was destroyed prophecy was taken from the prophets and given to the Sages. The Gemara expresses astonishment: Is that to say that a Sage is not fit to be a prophet? Rabbi Avdimi seems to say that these are two distinct categories of people. The Gemara explains: This is what Rabbi Avdimi is saying: Even though prophecy was taken from the prophets, it was not taken from the Sages. Ameimar said: And a Sage is greater than a prophet, as it is stated: “And a prophet has a heart of wisdom” (Psalms 90:12), i.e., he is wise. When comparisons are drawn, who is compared to whom? You must say that the lesser is compared to the greater. Here too, prophecy is compared to wisdom, thus indicating that wisdom is greater than prophecy.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Bava Batra

References

"... the replacing of the Masoretic text 'prophet' by 'scribe' in a number of references (e.g. Isaiah 3:2; Zechariah 7:3) is seen as being 'in line with the Talmudic principle that "a sage is superior to a prophet', yet already in Ben Sira teaching is being put on a par with prophecy (Sirach 24:32-33), so that an exclusive association of the equation 'prophet' = 'scribe' with the 'Talmudic era' seems unwarranted ..."
Robert P. Gordon, Studies in the Targum to the Twelve Prophets, from Nahum to Malachi (Leiden: Brill, 1994), 138.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 24:32 and Bava Batra 12a

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