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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Wisdom’s Praise

Chapter 24

1 Wisdom will praise her own soul, and will proclaim her glory among her people.⁠ 2 She will open her mouth in the congregation of the Most High, and proclaim her glory in the presence of his power. 3 “I came out of the mouth of the Most High, and covered the earth like a mist.⁠ 4 I lived in high places, and my throne is in the pillar of the cloud.⁠ 5 Alone I circled heaven, and walked in the depth of the abyss. 6 Among the waves of the sea, and in all the earth, and among every people and nation, I obtained a possession. 7 Among all these I sought rest. In whose inheritance will I stay?

8 Then the Creator of all things gave me a command. He who created me settled my tent, and said, ‘Let your dwelling be in Jacob, and your inheritance in Israel.’⁠ 9 He created me from the beginning, before the ages. For all ages, I will not cease to exist.⁠ 10 In the holy tabernacle, I served before him. So I was established in Zion. 11 In the beloved city, likewise he gave me rest. My domain was in Jerusalem. 12 I took root in an honored people, in the portion of the Lord’s own inheritance.

13 I was exalted like a cedar in Lebanon, and like a cypress tree on the mountains of Hermon.⁠ 14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the seashore, like rose bushes in Jericho, and like a beautiful olive tree in the plain. I was exalted like a plane tree. 15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus, I have given a scent to perfumes. Like choice myrrh, I spread a pleasant fragrance, like galbanum,⁠ onycha, stacte,⁠ and like the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle. 16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches. My branches are glorious and graceful. 17 Like the vine, I produced grace. My flowers are the fruit of glory and riches.

19 “Come to me, all you who desire me, and be filled with my fruits. 20 For my memory is sweeter than honey, and my inheritance than the honeycomb. 21 Those who eat me will be hungry for more. Those who drink me will be thirsty for more. 22 He who obeys me will not be ashamed. Those who work with me will not sin.”⁠

Wisdom and the Covenant

23 All these things are the book of the covenant of the Most High God, the law which Moses commanded us for an inheritance for the assemblies of Jacob.⁠ 25 It is he who makes wisdom abundant, like the Pishon, and like the Tigris in the days of first fruits.⁠ 26 He makes understanding full like the Euphrates, and like the Jordan in the days of harvest, 27 who makes instruction shine like the light, like the Gihon in the days of grape harvest. 28 The first man didn’t know her perfectly. In the same way, the last has not explored her.⁠ 29 For her thoughts are filled from the sea, and her advice from the great deep.

Teaching for Future Generations

30 I came out like a canal stream from a river, and like an irrigation ditch into a garden. 31 I said, “I will water my garden, and will drench my garden bed.” Look, my stream became a river, and my river became a sea. 32 I will yet bring instruction to light like the morning, and will make these things clear from far away.⁠ 33 I will continue to pour out teaching like prophecy, and leave it to all generations.⁠ 34 See that I have not worked only for myself, but for all those who diligently seek wisdom.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 2:11 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 24:25

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Genesis describes four rivers flowing from Eden to water the garden and the lands around it. Sirach draws on this imagery and compares the wisdom of the Torah to the life-giving quality of these rivers.

Passages

Genesis 2:11

Hebrew Bible
10 Now a river flows from Eden to water the orchard, and from there it divides into four headstreams. 11 The name of the first is Pishon; it runs through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 The gold of that land is pure; pearls and lapis lazuli are also there. 13 The name of the second river is Gihon; it runs through the entire land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is Tigris; it runs along the east side of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates. 15 The Lord God took the man and placed him in the orchard in Eden to care for it and to maintain it.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 24:25

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
22 He who obeys me will not be ashamed.
Those who work with me will not sin.”
23 All these things are the book of the covenant of the Most High God,
the law which Moses commanded us for an inheritance
for the assemblies of Jacob.
25 It is he who makes wisdom abundant, like the Pishon,
and like the Tigris in the days of first fruits.
26 He makes understanding full like the Euphrates,
and like the Jordan in the days of harvest,
27 who makes instruction shine like the light,
like the Gihon in the days of grape harvest.
28 The first man didn’t know her perfectly.
In the same way, the last has not explored her.
29 For her thoughts are filled from the sea,
and her advice from the great deep.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... Sirach 24:23-34 uses water-related metaphors to describe the great wisdom of the Torah. In verses 23-27, the Torah overflows with wisdom similar to the abundant and life-giving waters of the four rivers of the paradise in Genesis 2:11-14 (Pishon, Tigris, Euphrates, and Gihon), and two vital rivers for Judah (the Jordan) and Egypt (the Nile). In verses 28-29, Sirach uses the metaphors of the greatness and depth of the sea to depict the Torah as teeming with wisdom in such abundance that its meaning cannot fully exhausted. In verses 30-31, Sirach thinks at first to use the life-giving water to irrigate his own garden, but suddenly his canal became a river and a sea implying a cosmic dimension of wisdom. Ben Sira’s wisdom is simply the Torah, of which he was the first to benefit, and that has to be taught to others (verses 32-34). In all the three parts of Sirach 24:23-34 (verses 23-27; 28-29 & 30-34), water-related metaphors are used to highlight the nurturing potential of the Torah’s wisdom. The texts emphasize that water is of vital importance for life, a sign of blessing (see also Sirach 15:3; 21:13). Indeed, the text is not about water, but the use of these water-related metaphors to depict the priceless book of Israel highlight is ecologically insightful ..."
Jonathan Kavusa Kivatsi, “The Torah Likened with Nurturing Water of Rivers in Sirach 24:23-34: Eco-Theological Significance,” Pharos Journal of Theology 99 (2018): 1–12.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 2:11 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 24:25

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