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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Wisdom’s Praise

Chapter 24

1 Wisdom will praise her own soul, and will proclaim her glory among her people.⁠ 2 She will open her mouth in the congregation of the Most High, and proclaim her glory in the presence of his power. 3 “I came out of the mouth of the Most High, and covered the earth like a mist.⁠ 4 I lived in high places, and my throne is in the pillar of the cloud.⁠ 5 Alone I circled heaven, and walked in the depth of the abyss. 6 Among the waves of the sea, and in all the earth, and among every people and nation, I obtained a possession. 7 Among all these I sought rest. In whose inheritance will I stay?

8 Then the Creator of all things gave me a command. He who created me settled my tent, and said, ‘Let your dwelling be in Jacob, and your inheritance in Israel.’⁠ 9 He created me from the beginning, before the ages. For all ages, I will not cease to exist.⁠ 10 In the holy tabernacle, I served before him. So I was established in Zion. 11 In the beloved city, likewise he gave me rest. My domain was in Jerusalem. 12 I took root in an honored people, in the portion of the Lord’s own inheritance.

13 I was exalted like a cedar in Lebanon, and like a cypress tree on the mountains of Hermon.⁠ 14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the seashore, like rose bushes in Jericho, and like a beautiful olive tree in the plain. I was exalted like a plane tree. 15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus, I have given a scent to perfumes. Like choice myrrh, I spread a pleasant fragrance, like galbanum,⁠ onycha, stacte,⁠ and like the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle. 16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches. My branches are glorious and graceful. 17 Like the vine, I produced grace. My flowers are the fruit of glory and riches.

19 “Come to me, all you who desire me, and be filled with my fruits. 20 For my memory is sweeter than honey, and my inheritance than the honeycomb. 21 Those who eat me will be hungry for more. Those who drink me will be thirsty for more. 22 He who obeys me will not be ashamed. Those who work with me will not sin.”⁠

Wisdom and the Covenant

23 All these things are the book of the covenant of the Most High God, the law which Moses commanded us for an inheritance for the assemblies of Jacob.⁠ 25 It is he who makes wisdom abundant, like the Pishon, and like the Tigris in the days of first fruits.⁠ 26 He makes understanding full like the Euphrates, and like the Jordan in the days of harvest, 27 who makes instruction shine like the light, like the Gihon in the days of grape harvest. 28 The first man didn’t know her perfectly. In the same way, the last has not explored her.⁠ 29 For her thoughts are filled from the sea, and her advice from the great deep.

Teaching for Future Generations

30 I came out like a canal stream from a river, and like an irrigation ditch into a garden. 31 I said, “I will water my garden, and will drench my garden bed.” Look, my stream became a river, and my river became a sea. 32 I will yet bring instruction to light like the morning, and will make these things clear from far away.⁠ 33 I will continue to pour out teaching like prophecy, and leave it to all generations.⁠ 34 See that I have not worked only for myself, but for all those who diligently seek wisdom.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Song of Solomon 4:13 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 24:13

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

In Song of Solomon, the woman is described as a fragrant garden of nard, saffron, cinnamon, and Lebanon spice. Sirach draws on the same garden imagery for Wisdom personified as a woman, who grows tall as cedar, palm, and rose.

Passages

Song of Solomon 4:13

Hebrew Bible · Song of Songs
11 Your lips drip sweetness like the honeycomb, my bride; honey and milk are under your tongue. The fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon. 12 The Lover to His Beloved: You are a locked garden, my sister, my bride; you are an enclosed spring, a sealed-up fountain. 13 Your shoots are a royal garden full of pomegranates with choice fruits: henna with nard, 14 nard and saffron, calamus and cinnamon with every kind of spice, myrrh and aloes with all the finest spices. 15 You are a garden spring, a well of fresh water flowing down from Lebanon. 16 The Beloved to Her Lover: Awake, O north wind; come, O south wind! Blow on my garden so that its fragrant spices may send out their sweet smell. May my beloved come into his garden and eat its delightful fruit!
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Song of Solomon

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 24:13

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
12 I took root in an honored people,
in the portion of the Lord’s own inheritance.
13 I was exalted like a cedar in Lebanon,
and like a cypress tree on the mountains of Hermon.
14 I was exalted like a palm tree on the seashore,
like rose bushes in Jericho,
and like a beautiful olive tree in the plain.
I was exalted like a plane tree.
15 Like cinnamon and aspalathus,
I have given a scent to perfumes.
Like choice myrrh, I spread a pleasant fragrance,
like galbanum, onycha, stacte,
and like the smell of frankincense in the tabernacle.
16 Like the terebinth, I stretched out my branches.
My branches are glorious and graceful.
17 Like the vine, I produced grace.
My flowers are the fruit of glory and riches.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

... Verses 13–17 form a poetic unit in which Wisdom compares herself and her beauty to trees and plants that have a high symbolic value. Surprisingly, many scholars have so far overlooked the obvious connection between Sirach 24:13–17 with the Song of Songs. The geographical names in verses 13–14 (Lebanon, Hermon, En-Gedi and Jericho) confine the boundaries of Wisdom, and her realm seems to be identical with Israel. There is truly an amazing number of lexical similarities between Sirach 24:13–17 and the Song of Songs, especially when the geographical names and the names of trees, plants and fragrances are in question. ... Even though there are no verbatim quotations in Sirach from the Song of Songs, the employed images and metaphors are mostly the same. There can be no doubt that Ben Sira was well familiarised with the love lyrics. Precisely from this genre he chooses the numerous words with which he describes the beauty and attraction of Wisdom. Throughout his book Ben Sira several times warns about a bad and unfaithful wife and loose women (e.g., Sirach 9:1–9; 23:22–27; 25:16–26), and it is conceivable that Lady Wisdom is introduced as an ideal female companion. She is the complete opposite of seductive and dangerous women ...
Marko Marttila, Foreign Nations in the Wisdom of Ben Sira: A Jewish Sage between Opposition and Assimilation, DCLS 13 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2012), 106–108.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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