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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Danger of Sin

Chapter 21

1 My son, have you sinned? Do not do it again, and ask forgiveness for your past sins. 2 Run from sin as from a snake’s face, for if you go near, it will bite you. Its teeth are like lion’s teeth, killing people’s souls. 3 All wrongdoing is like a two-edged sword. There is no healing for its stroke. 4 Terror and violence will waste away riches. So the house of an arrogant man will be devastated.

5 A plea from a poor man’s mouth reaches to the ears of God, and his judgment comes quickly. 6 One who hates correction is in the path of the sinner. He who fears the Lord will repent in his heart.⁠ 7 He who is powerful in speech is known far away, but the man of understanding knows when he slips. 8 He who builds his house with other men’s money is like one who gathers stones for his own tomb. 9 The gathering of wicked men is like a bundle of loose flax fibers with a flame at its end. 10 The way of sinners is paved with stones, and at the end of it is the pit of Hades.⁠

Wisdom and Foolishness

11 He who keeps the law becomes master of its intent. The fulfillment of the fear of the Lord is wisdom. 12 He who is not clever will not be instructed. There is a cleverness which makes bitterness increase. 13 A wise man’s knowledge will overflow like a flood, and his advice like a fountain of life. 14 A fool’s inner being are like a broken vessel. He will hold no knowledge.

15 If a man of knowledge hears a wise word, he will praise it and add to it. The undisciplined man hears it, and it displeases him, so he throws it away behind his back. 16 The chatter of a fool is like a burden on a journey, but grace will be found on the lips of the wise. 17 The words of a prudent man will be sought in the congregation. They will ponder his words in their heart.

18 Wisdom to a fool is like a destroyed house. The knowledge of an unwise man is talk without sense.⁠ 19 Instruction is like shackles on the feet of an unwise man, and like handcuffs on the right hand. 20 A fool lifts up his voice with laughter, but a clever man smiles quietly.⁠ 21 To a prudent man, instruction is like a gold ornament and like a bracelet on his right arm.⁠

Courtesy and Careful Speech

22 The foot of a fool rushes into a house, but a man of experience will be ashamed of entering.⁠ 23 A foolish man peers into the door of a house, but a man who is instructed will stand outside. 24 It is rude for someone to listen at a door, but a prudent person will be distressed by the disgrace. 25 The lips of strangers will be distressed at these things, but the words of prudent men will be weighed in the balance.

26 The heart of fools is in their mouth, but the mouth of wise men is in their heart. 27 When the ungodly curses an adversary, he curses his own soul.⁠ 28 A gossip defiles his own soul, and will be hated wherever he travels.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 21:22 and Niddah 16b

Deuterocanon · Rabbinic

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Summary

Rabbinic tradition teaches to not rush into a house, describing it as impatience and poor manners. This resembles Sirach that contrasts the fool who rushes in with the wise person who waits, suggesting that Rabbinic tradition was influenced by it.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 21:22

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
19 Instruction is like shackles on the feet of an unwise man,
and like handcuffs on the right hand.
20 A fool lifts up his voice with laughter,
but a clever man smiles quietly.
21 To a prudent man, instruction is like a gold ornament
and like a bracelet on his right arm.
22 The foot of a fool rushes into a house,
but a man of experience will be ashamed of entering.
23 A foolish man peers into the door of a house,
but a man who is instructed will stand outside.
24 It is rude for someone to listen at a door,
but a prudent person will be distressed by the disgrace.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Niddah 16b

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
The Gemara asks: And Rabbi Yoḥanan, how does he interpret that verse cited by Reish Lakish? The Gemara answers that Rabbi Yoḥanan requires that verse: “But he who despises his ways shall die,” to teach that which is written in the book of ben Sira: Three people I have hated, and a fourth I have not loved: A minister who frequents [hanirgal] drinking houses, as he disgraces himself and leads himself to ruin and death; and some say a different version of the text: A minister who chats [hanirgan] in drinking houses; and some say a third version: A minister who is short-tempered [hanirgaz] when in drinking houses. That is the first that he hated. And the others are one who dwells at the highest point of the city, where everyone sees him; and one who holds his penis and urinates. And the fourth, whom he has not loved, is one who enters the house of another suddenly, without warning. Rabbi Yoḥanan says: And this includes even one who comes into his own house without prior warning, as the members of his household might be engaged in private activities.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Niddah

References

"... Sirach's adherence to the ancient limitation of the term is hinted at in his caution against unexpected, inconsiderate entry into a house. A Talmudic reference uses pith'om, while a more trustworthy quote from a Midrashic work uses 'hastily', 'soon', or 'mehera': 'The foot of a fool is soon into a house'. (refer Sirach 21.22; Greek tachys. See B. Nidda 16b, Pirqa deRabenu Haqadosh, Baba deShisha). The Talmudic excerpt includes content not evident in Sirach; the Midrashic version is superior. It's worth noting that Sirach is likely referring to entering another person's house, not one's own, which could be relevant in the context of future Rabbinic discussions ..."
David Daube, The Sudden in the Scriptures (Leiden: Brill, 1964), 8.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 21:22 and Niddah 16b

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