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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Indulgence and Carelessness

Chapter 19

1 A worker who is a drunkard will not become rich. He who despises small things will fall little by little.⁠ 2 Wine and women will make men of understanding go astray. He who joins with prostitutes is reckless.⁠ 3 Decay and worms will have him as their inheritance. A reckless soul will be taken away.

Gossip and Restraint

4 He who is quick to trust has a shallow heart. He who sins offends against his own soul. 5 He who takes pleasure in wickedness will be condemned. 6 He who hates gossip has less wickedness. 7 Never repeat what is told you, and you won’t lose anything. 8 Whether it is of friend or enemy, don’t tell it. Unless it is a sin to you, don’t reveal it. 9 For if he has heard you and observed you, when the time comes, he will hate you. 10 Have you heard something? Let it die with you. Be brave, it will not make you burst!⁠ 11 A fool will suffer labor pains over a word, like a woman in labor with a child. 12 Gossip in a fool is like an arrow stuck in the flesh of the thigh.

Questioning before Accusing

13 Question a friend, for he may not have done it. If he did something, question him so that he does not do it again. 14 Question your neighbor, for he may not have said it. If he has said it, question him so that he does not say it again. 15 Question a friend, for many times there is slander. Don’t trust every word.⁠ 16 Someone slips, though his heart did not intend it. Who has not sinned with his tongue? 17 Correct your neighbor before you threaten him, and give way to the law of the Most High.

Wisdom and Deceptive Cleverness

20 All wisdom is the fear of the Lord. All wisdom involves obeying the law. 22 The knowledge of wickedness is not wisdom. The shrewdness of sinners is not sound advice.⁠ 23 There is a kind of wickedness that is detestable. There is a fool lacking in wisdom.⁠ 24 Someone with little understanding who fears God is better than someone with much intelligence who breaks the law. 25 There is highly refined cleverness that is unjust. And there is one who perverts favor to gain a judgment.

26 There is someone who acts wickedly and hangs his head in mourning, but inwardly he is full of deceit, 27 bowing down his face, and pretending to be deaf in one ear. Where he isn’t known, he will take advantage of you. 28 And if a lack of power keeps him from sinning, if he finds opportunity, he will do harm. 29 A man will be known by his appearance. One who has understanding will be known by his face when you meet him.⁠ 30 A man’s clothing, grinning laughter, and the way he walks show what he is.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 19:23 and LXX Proverbs 1:4

Deuterocanon · Septuagint

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Summary

Sirach 19 and the Septuagint of Proverbs explore the meaning of cleverness in different ways. Sirach warns that shrewdness can excuse sin, yet Proverbs uses the same Greek word for insight given to the innocent and shows how it can guide toward good.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 19:23

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
22 The knowledge of wickedness is not wisdom.
The shrewdness of sinners is not sound advice.
23 There is a kind of wickedness that is detestable.
There is a fool lacking in wisdom.
24 Someone with little understanding who fears God
is better than someone with much intelligence who breaks the law.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

LXX Proverbs 1:4

Septuagint
3 to receive also twistings of words, and to understand true justice, and how to direct judgment; 4 that he might give shrewdness to the simple, and to the young man discernment and understanding. 5 For by the hearing of these a wise man will be wiser, and a man of understanding will gain direction;
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Proverbs

References

"... LXX Proverbs 1:4 ... ἵνα δῷ ἀκάκοις πανουργίαν, “in order that he may impart shrewdness to the guileless.” In general Greek usage the word πανουργία, as well as the related adjective πανοῦργος, has a negative connotation, suggesting dishonest slyness and cunning. This is also true of biblical Greek outside of the book of Proverbs (see for example Numbers 24:22; Sirach 19:23; Luke 20:23; Ephesians 4:14). It is a peculiarity of the Greek of Proverbs, however, that it uses these words in a positive sense, suggesting godly wisdom. This positive connotation is clearly illustrated for πανουργία in the present verse (see also 8:5), and for πανοῦργος in the thirteen places where it occurs elsewhere in Proverbs ..."
Albert M. Wolters, Septuagint Commentary Series: Proverbs (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 127–128.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 19:23 and LXX Proverbs 1:4

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