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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Indulgence and Carelessness

Chapter 19

1 A worker who is a drunkard will not become rich. He who despises small things will fall little by little.⁠ 2 Wine and women will make men of understanding go astray. He who joins with prostitutes is reckless.⁠ 3 Decay and worms will have him as their inheritance. A reckless soul will be taken away.

Gossip and Restraint

4 He who is quick to trust has a shallow heart. He who sins offends against his own soul. 5 He who takes pleasure in wickedness will be condemned. 6 He who hates gossip has less wickedness. 7 Never repeat what is told you, and you won’t lose anything. 8 Whether it is of friend or enemy, don’t tell it. Unless it is a sin to you, don’t reveal it. 9 For if he has heard you and observed you, when the time comes, he will hate you. 10 Have you heard something? Let it die with you. Be brave, it will not make you burst!⁠ 11 A fool will suffer labor pains over a word, like a woman in labor with a child. 12 Gossip in a fool is like an arrow stuck in the flesh of the thigh.

Questioning before Accusing

13 Question a friend, for he may not have done it. If he did something, question him so that he does not do it again. 14 Question your neighbor, for he may not have said it. If he has said it, question him so that he does not say it again. 15 Question a friend, for many times there is slander. Don’t trust every word.⁠ 16 Someone slips, though his heart did not intend it. Who has not sinned with his tongue? 17 Correct your neighbor before you threaten him, and give way to the law of the Most High.

Wisdom and Deceptive Cleverness

20 All wisdom is the fear of the Lord. All wisdom involves obeying the law. 22 The knowledge of wickedness is not wisdom. The shrewdness of sinners is not sound advice.⁠ 23 There is a kind of wickedness that is detestable. There is a fool lacking in wisdom.⁠ 24 Someone with little understanding who fears God is better than someone with much intelligence who breaks the law. 25 There is highly refined cleverness that is unjust. And there is one who perverts favor to gain a judgment.

26 There is someone who acts wickedly and hangs his head in mourning, but inwardly he is full of deceit, 27 bowing down his face, and pretending to be deaf in one ear. Where he isn’t known, he will take advantage of you. 28 And if a lack of power keeps him from sinning, if he finds opportunity, he will do harm. 29 A man will be known by his appearance. One who has understanding will be known by his face when you meet him.⁠ 30 A man’s clothing, grinning laughter, and the way he walks show what he is.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 19:15 and Plutarch, Moralia 483

Deuterocanon · Classical

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Summary

In Sirach, a reader is told to question a friend before believing an accusation, since the report is often slander. The Greek philosopher Plutarch puts that same step first in a family argument, where a brother is defended before he is rebuked.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 19:15

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
13 Question a friend, for he may not have done it.
If he did something, question him so that he does not do it again.
14 Question your neighbor, for he may not have said it.
If he has said it, question him so that he does not say it again.
15 Question a friend, for many times there is slander.
Don’t trust every word.
16 Someone slips, though his heart did not intend it.
Who has not sinned with his tongue?
17 Correct your neighbor before you threaten him,
and give way to the law of the Most High.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Plutarch, Moralia 483

Classical
Only after the erring brother has been defended in this manner should the other turn to him and rebuke him somewhat sharply, pointing out with all frankness his errors of commission and of omission. For one should neither give free rein to brothers, nor, again, should one trample on them when they are at fault (for the latter is the act of one who gloats over the sinner, the former that of one who aids and abets him), but should apply his admonition as one who cares for his brother and grieves with him. Otherwise he who has been the most zealous advocate before his parents becomes before the brother himself the most vehement of accusers. But if a brother is guiltless when he is accused, though it is right to be subservient to parents in everything else and to endure all their wrath and displeasure, yet pleas and justifications offered to parents on behalf of a brother who is being undeservedly criticized or punished are honourable and not reprehensible; nor must one be afraid that the words of Sophocles will be addressed to him:
75–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Plutarch, Moralia

References

“... Forgiveness, reconciliation, patience. Finally, ancient moralists stress the importance of practicing forgiveness within the kinship group, of bearing patiently with one another and seeking reconciliation wherever a breach occurs. Plutarch advises that a brother ought to rebuke a brother with all frankness when he errs, “but should apply his admonition as one who cares for his brother and grieves with him” (“On Fraternal Affection” 10 [Mor. 483B], LCL). Gentleness and forbearance are to characterize a sibling’s approach to the fault or injury caused by another. [...] See also Wisdom of Ben Sira 19:13-15 on the possibility that the friend or family member has been slandered and is not truly guilty of the offense of which one suspects him or her ...”
David A. deSilva, Honor, Patronage, Kinship & Purity: Unlocking New Testament Culture (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2000), 172–174.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 19:15 and Plutarch, Moralia 483

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