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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Creator and Human Frailty

Chapter 18

1 He who lives forever created the whole universe.⁠ 2 The Lord alone is just. 4 He has not given anyone the power to declare his works. Who could trace out his mighty deeds? 5 Who could measure the strength of his majesty? Who could also proclaim his mercies? 6 As for the Lord’s wonderful works, it is not possible to take anything away from them, add anything to them,⁠ or explore them. 7 When a man has finished, he is only at the beginning. When he stops, he will be puzzled.

8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve? What is their good, and what is their evil?⁠ 9 A human life lasts at most a hundred years. 10 A few years in the day of eternity are like a drop of water from the sea and a pebble from the sand.⁠ 11 For this reason the Lord was patient with them, and poured out his mercy on them.⁠ 12 He saw and recognized that their end is evil. Therefore he multiplied his forgiveness.

13 The mercy of a man is on his neighbor, but the mercy of the Lord is on all flesh.⁠ He corrects, disciplines, teaches, and brings them back as a shepherd does his flock.⁠ 14 He has mercy on those who accept discipline, and diligently seek his judgments.

Kindness in Giving

15 My son, don’t add reproach to your good deeds, and do not add harsh words to any of your giving. 16 Doesn’t the dew relieve the scorching heat? So a word is better than a gift. 17 Look, isn’t a word better than a gift? Both are with a gracious person. 18 A fool is ungracious and abusive. The gift of a grudging person wears away the eyes.⁠

Foresight and Preparation

19 Learn before you speak. Take care of your health before you get sick. 20 Before judgment, examine yourself, and in the hour of scrutiny you will find forgiveness. 21 Humble yourself before you get sick. When you sin, repent. 22 Let nothing stop you from paying your vow on time. Don’t wait until death to be released. 23 Before you make a vow, prepare yourself. Don’t be like a man who tests the Lord.

24 Think about the anger coming in the days of the end, and the time of vengeance, when he turns away his face. 25 In times of plenty remember the time of hunger. Remember poverty and lack in the days of wealth. 26 From morning until evening, the time changes. All things are swift before the Lord. 27 A wise man is cautious in everything. In days of sinning, he will beware of offense. 28 Every man of understanding knows wisdom. He will give thanks to him who found her. 29 Those who understood sayings also became wise themselves, and poured out apt proverbs.

Self-Control and Moderation

30 Don’t go after your strong desires. Restrain your appetites.⁠ 31 If you give your soul all the pleasure she desires, she will make you the laughingstock of your enemies. 32 Don’t celebrate with excessive luxury,⁠ and don’t be tied to its expense. 33 Don’t become a beggar through feasting with borrowed money when you have nothing in your purse.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 8:4 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:8

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach echoes Psalm 8, asking why God notices humans in a vast creation, using the question to frame reflection on weakness and humility. By speaking in the voice of the Psalms, he places his teaching within Israel’s tradition and claims its authority.

Passages

Psalm 8:4

Hebrew Bible
2 From the mouths of children and nursing babies
you have ordained praise on account of your adversaries,
so that you might put an end to the vindictive enemy.
3 When I look up at the heavens, which your fingers made,
and see the moon and the stars, which you set in place,
4 Of what importance is the human race, that you should notice them?
Of what importance is mankind, that you should pay attention to them?
5 You made them a little less than the heavenly beings.
You crowned mankind with honor and majesty.
6 you appoint them to rule over your creation;
you have placed everything under their authority,
1000–200 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:8

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
6 As for the Lord’s wonderful works, it is not possible to take anything away from them,
add anything to them,
or explore them.
7 When a man has finished, he is only at the beginning.
When he stops, he will be puzzled.
8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve?
What is their good, and what is their evil?
9 A human life lasts at most a hundred years. 10 A few years in the day of eternity are like a drop of water from the sea
and a pebble from the sand.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... The formula performs a consistent semantic function: “It poses a question in element a, then abases the noun or pronoun subject by an implied answer to the question. On the basis of the implied answer, the verb in element b is negated.” One could paraphrase, on the model of Psalm 8:4, which through Job, stands behind the 'Niedrigkeitsdoxologien': “What is a mortal that you should care for him? You should not, for he is insignificant.” This form is much better suited to the de-historicized and thoroughly anthropological nature of the Hodayot’s concerns. Perhaps we can call these statements in which the Doxologies of Lowliness take part the “anthropological interrogatives.” (Compare also 4Q301 4:3; 5:3; Sirach 18:8; 4 Ezra 8:34; 2 Baruch 48:14–17) ..."
Nicholas A. Meyer, Adam’s Dust and Adam’s Glory in the Hodayot and the Letters of Paul: Rethinking Anthropogony and Theology (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 35.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 8:4 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:8

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