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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Children and Their Character

Chapter 16

1 Don’t desire many worthless children, or delight in ungodly sons. 2 If they multiply, don’t delight in them unless the fear of the Lord is in them. 3 Don’t trust in their life. Don’t rely on their numbers, for one can be better than a thousand, and it can be better to die childless than to have ungodly children.⁠ 4 For from one who has understanding, a city will be populated, but a race of wicked men will be left desolate. 5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard greater things than these.

Judgment on the Disobedient

6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be ignited. In a disobedient nation, anger is ignited.⁠ 7 He was not lenient toward the ancient giants, who revolted in their strength.⁠ 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he detested for their pride.⁠ 9 He didn’t pity the people doomed to destruction who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in the same way, the six hundred thousand foot soldiers who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.⁠

11 Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it is amazing if he goes unpunished, for mercy and anger are both with him who is mighty to forgive, and he pours out anger. 12 His discipline is as great as his mercy.⁠ He judges a man according to his works.⁠ 13 The sinner will not escape with stolen goods. The perseverance of the godly will not be frustrated. 14 He will make room for every work of mercy. Each man will receive according to his works.⁠

The Claim That God Does Not See

17 Don’t say, “I will be hidden from the Lord. Who will remember me from above? I will not be known among so many people, for what is my soul in a boundless creation? 18 Look, heaven, the heaven of heavens, the deep, and the earth, will shake when he visits.⁠ 19 The mountains and the foundations of the earth together are shaken with trembling when he looks at them. 20 No heart will think about these things. Who could comprehend his ways?⁠ 21 Like a storm that no one can see, most of his works are hidden. 22 Who will declare his works of righteousness? Who will wait for them? For his covenant is far away.” 23 He who is lacking in understanding thinks about these things. A foolish, misguided man thinks foolishly.

The Order of Creation

24 My son, listen to me, learn knowledge, and pay attention to my words with your heart. 25 I will give instruction with precision, and declare knowledge exactly.

26 The Lord’s works have been under his judgment from the beginning. From the time he made them he determined their boundaries.⁠ 27 He arranged his works for all time, and their beginnings for their generations. They aren’t hungry or weary, and they don’t stop their works. 28 No one pushes aside his neighbor. They will never disobey his word. 29 After this also the Lord looked at the earth and filled it with his blessings. 30 Every kind of living things covered its surface, and they return to it.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 6:4 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 16:7

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Genesis describes the Sons of God taking human wives and producing the Nephilim, giants whose presence is connected to sin and violence before the flood. Sirach recalls this, showing how it interpreted the Nephilim as literal giants.

Passages

Genesis 6:4

Hebrew Bible
2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose. 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal. They will remain for 120 more years.” 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also after this, when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind, who gave birth to their children. They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men. 5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 16:7

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
5 I have seen many such things with my eyes.
My ear has heard greater things than these.
6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be ignited.
In a disobedient nation, anger is ignited.
7 He was not lenient toward the ancient giants,
who revolted in their strength.
8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors,
whom he detested for their pride.
9 He didn’t pity the people doomed to destruction
who were taken away in their sins,
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... More veiled allusions to punishment through the deluge may be reflected by the language of Sirach 16:7 (‘[God] did not forgive the giants of old’) and the Damascus Document (‘... and their sons whose height was as the height of cedars and whose bodies were as mountains [were caught] because they fell. All flesh which was on dry land decayed and became as if they never were.’). Other traditions allowed—similar to the Book of Watchers, Book of Giants, Jubilees - for the giants to persist beyond death, perhaps alongside the fallen angels, in a disembodied form of existence as spirits. This is presupposed in the sapiential songs document in 4Q510 and 4Q511, where the ‘spirits of the bastards’ are reckoned as powers with which the righteous still have to contend. In the later Christian Testament of Solomon (5:3; 17:1), the link between the post-diluvian demons and the giant offspring of the fallen angels is made explicit. This raises the possibility that would require more analysis than is possible here, namely, that mythological traditions about the giants may already have been adapted in passages of the gospels in which the desire of spirits to enter into human bodies is presupposed (so e.g. Mark 5:1–20; Matthew 12:43–45 / Luke 11:24–26) ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, “The Origins of Evil in Jewish Apocalyptic Tradition: The Interpretation of Genesis 6:1-4 in the Second and Third Centuries B.C.E.,” in The Fall of the Angels, ed. Christoph Auffarth and Loren T. Stuckenbruck (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 87–118.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 6:4 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 16:7

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