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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Children and Their Character

Chapter 16

1 Don’t desire many worthless children, or delight in ungodly sons. 2 If they multiply, don’t delight in them unless the fear of the Lord is in them. 3 Don’t trust in their life. Don’t rely on their numbers, for one can be better than a thousand, and it can be better to die childless than to have ungodly children.⁠ 4 For from one who has understanding, a city will be populated, but a race of wicked men will be left desolate. 5 I have seen many such things with my eyes. My ear has heard greater things than these.

Judgment on the Disobedient

6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be ignited. In a disobedient nation, anger is ignited.⁠ 7 He was not lenient toward the ancient giants, who revolted in their strength.⁠ 8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors, whom he detested for their pride.⁠ 9 He didn’t pity the people doomed to destruction who were taken away in their sins, 10 or in the same way, the six hundred thousand foot soldiers who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.⁠

11 Even if there is one stiff-necked person, it is amazing if he goes unpunished, for mercy and anger are both with him who is mighty to forgive, and he pours out anger. 12 His discipline is as great as his mercy.⁠ He judges a man according to his works.⁠ 13 The sinner will not escape with stolen goods. The perseverance of the godly will not be frustrated. 14 He will make room for every work of mercy. Each man will receive according to his works.⁠

The Claim That God Does Not See

17 Don’t say, “I will be hidden from the Lord. Who will remember me from above? I will not be known among so many people, for what is my soul in a boundless creation? 18 Look, heaven, the heaven of heavens, the deep, and the earth, will shake when he visits.⁠ 19 The mountains and the foundations of the earth together are shaken with trembling when he looks at them. 20 No heart will think about these things. Who could comprehend his ways?⁠ 21 Like a storm that no one can see, most of his works are hidden. 22 Who will declare his works of righteousness? Who will wait for them? For his covenant is far away.” 23 He who is lacking in understanding thinks about these things. A foolish, misguided man thinks foolishly.

The Order of Creation

24 My son, listen to me, learn knowledge, and pay attention to my words with your heart. 25 I will give instruction with precision, and declare knowledge exactly.

26 The Lord’s works have been under his judgment from the beginning. From the time he made them he determined their boundaries.⁠ 27 He arranged his works for all time, and their beginnings for their generations. They aren’t hungry or weary, and they don’t stop their works. 28 No one pushes aside his neighbor. They will never disobey his word. 29 After this also the Lord looked at the earth and filled it with his blessings. 30 Every kind of living things covered its surface, and they return to it.

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Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Enoch 13:2 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 16:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach echoes the traditions of the Watchers and their giant offspring, a narrative described in detail in the Book of the Watchers in 1 Enoch. Sirach reshapes this tradition and incorporates it into teachings about wisdom and forgiveness.

Passages

1 Enoch 13:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Ethiopic Book of Enoch
1 Enoch went and said: “Azâzêl, you will have no peace. A severe sentence has gone out against you, to put you in chains. 2 You will not be tolerated, nor will your requests be granted, because of the unrighteousness you have taught, and because of all the godlessness, unrighteousness, and sin you have shown to men.” 3 Then I went and spoke to them all together, and they were all afraid, and fear and trembling seized them. 4 They begged me to write a petition for them so that they might find forgiveness, and to read their petition in the presence of the Lord of heaven.
325 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 16:7

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
5 I have seen many such things with my eyes.
My ear has heard greater things than these.
6 In a congregation of sinners, a fire will be ignited.
In a disobedient nation, anger is ignited.
7 He was not lenient toward the ancient giants,
who revolted in their strength.
8 He didn’t spare Lot’s neighbors,
whom he detested for their pride.
9 He didn’t pity the people doomed to destruction
who were taken away in their sins,
10 or in the same way, the six hundred thousand foot soldiers
who were gathered together in the hardness of their hearts.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... Two observations are in order concerning this litany of God’s judgment on the many. First, ben Sira does not use the stories of Sodom and Gomorrah (fire) and the giants (warfare/flood) as types of a final conflagration. Rather, these two stories take their place among others as example stories. This is a subtle indication that ben Sira’s view of the judgment does not include a catastrophe of cosmic proportions. Second, the statement that God “did not forgive the primeval giants” (אלא נשא לפניכי קדם, Sirach 16:7a) is intriguing. In the Disputation context of Sirach 5:1–8, ben Sira quoted the sinner as presuming that God in his great mercy “will forgive” (סלס, 5:6b) his many sins. Although the verb in Sirach 5:6b is not reused in 16:7a, the two verbs are synonyms and appear together in the present instruction (16:11d). Along with the idea of presuming on forgiveness, there are a number of other parallels between the two contexts that suggest ben Sira is alluding to 5:6 in 16:7. Ben Sira, then, once again offers instruction about the relationship of forgiveness and judgment, but in this instance the instruction is based on the example of the giants of old ..."
Randal A. Argall, 1 Enoch and Sirach: A Comparative Literary and Conceptual Analysis of the Themes of Revelation, Creation and Judgment, EJL 8 (Atlanta: Scholar's, 1995), 230.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Enoch 13:2 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 16:7

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