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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Unequal Partnerships

Chapter 13

1 He who touches pitch will be defiled. He who associates with a proud man will become like him. 2 Don’t take up a burden beyond your strength. Do not associate with someone more powerful and richer than yourself. What can a clay pot have in common with a kettle? The kettle will strike, and the pot will be smashed to pieces.⁠ 3 The rich man does a wrong and threatens. The poor is wronged and apologizes.⁠ 4 If you are useful, he will exploit you. If you are in need, he will abandon you. 5 If you own something, he will live with you. He will drain your resources and will not be sorry.

6 Does he need you? Then he will deceive you, smile at you, and give you hope. He will speak kindly to you and say, “What do you need?” 7 He will shame you by his rich food until he has stripped you of everything two or three times, and in the end he will laugh at you in contempt. Afterward he will see you, will abandon you, and shake his head at you. 8 Beware that you are not deceived and brought low in your enjoyment.

Caution around the Powerful

9 If a powerful man invites you, be reserved, and he will invite you more. 10 Don’t press him, in case you are pushed away. Don’t stand far away, in case you are forgotten. 11 Don’t try to speak with him as an equal, and don’t believe his many words, for he will test you with much talk, and will examine you with a smile. 12 He who doesn’t keep secrets to himself is unmerciful. He won’t hesitate to harm and to bind. 13 Keep them to yourself and be careful, for you walk in danger of falling.

The Separation of Rich and Poor

15 Every living creature loves its own kind, and every man loves his neighbor.⁠ 16 All living creatures associate with their own kind. A man will stick to people like himself. 17 What can a wolf have in common with a lamb? So it is between the sinner and the godly.⁠ 18 What peace is there between a hyena and a dog? What peace is there between a rich man and the poor? 19 Wild donkeys are the prey of lions in the wilderness, and likewise poor men are feeding grounds for the rich. 20 Humility is detestable to a proud man, and likewise a poor man is detestable to the rich.

21 When a rich man is shaken, he is supported by his friends, but when a humble man is down, he is pushed away even by his friends. 22 When a rich man falls, there are many helpers. He speaks things not to be spoken, and men justify him. A humble man falls, and men rebuke him. He speaks wisdom, and is not listened to. 23 A rich man speaks, and all keep silence. They praise what he says to the clouds.⁠ A poor man speaks, and they say, “Who is this?” If he stumbles, they will help to overthrow him.

Wealth and the Heart

24 Riches are good if they involve no sin. Poverty is evil only in the opinion of the ungodly. 25 The heart of a man changes his expression, whether it is for good or for evil. 26 A cheerful face is a sign of a thriving heart. Devising proverbs takes strenuous thinking.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Job 29:9 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 13:23

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach 13 and Job 29 both describe figures who are met with silence and deference, using similar idiomatic language. While Job recalls the honor he received for his just actions, Sirach presents a rich man whose wealth alone commands such silence.

Passages

Job 29:9

Hebrew Bible
7 When I went out to the city gate and secured my seat in the public square, 8 the young men would see me and step aside, and the old men would get up and remain standing; 9 the chief men refrained from talking and covered their mouths with their hands; 10 the voices of the nobles fell silent, and their tongues stuck to the roof of their mouths.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 13:23

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
22 When a rich man falls, there are many helpers.
He speaks things not to be spoken, and men justify him.
A humble man falls, and men rebuke him.
He speaks wisdom, and is not listened to.
23 A rich man speaks, and all keep silence.
They praise what he says to the clouds.

A poor man speaks, and they say, “Who is this?”
If he stumbles, they will help to overthrow him.
24 Riches are good if they involve no sin.
Poverty is evil only in the opinion of the ungodly.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... Sirach 13:23 declares that when the rich person speaks, “all have been silenced”. Here the sage uses a rare root (“be silent”), occurring in MT as a hapax legomenon; in Deuteronomy 27:9 Moses and the Levitical priests preface their instructions to the people with a call to attention: (“Be silent and hear, O Israel”). In Sirach 13:23, however, the people give their reverent attention, not to Moses’ teaching but to the utterances of an arrogant rich person. Whereas in Job 29:9 the formerly wealthy patriarch had earned a respectful silence from people by his care of the poor (Job 29:12–17), Ben Sira speaks of the awe commanded by the rich person simply by virtue of his powerful economic position ..."
Jeremy Corley, Ben Sira's Teaching on Friendship (Providence, RI: Brown Judaic Studies, 2020), 150–151.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 29:9 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 13:23

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