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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 8

1 The Lord says, “When that time comes, the bones of the kings of Judah and its leaders, the bones of the priests and prophets, and of all the other people who lived in Jerusalem will be dug up from their graves.⁠ 2 They will be spread out and exposed to the sun, the moon, and the stars. These are things they adored and served, things to which they paid allegiance, from which they sought guidance and worshiped.⁠ The bones of these people will never be regathered and reburied. They will be like manure used to fertilize the ground.⁠ 3 However, I will leave some of these wicked people alive and banish them to other places. But wherever these people who survive may go, they will wish they had died rather than lived,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 4 The Lord said to me, “Tell them, ‘The Lord says, Do people not get back up when they fall down? Do they not turn around when they go the wrong way? 5 Why, then, do these people of Jerusalem continually turn away from me in apostasy? They hold fast to their deception. They refuse to turn back to me. 6 I have listened to them very carefully, but they do not speak honestly. None of them regrets the evil he has done. None of them says, “I have done wrong!” All of them persist in their own wayward course like a horse charging recklessly into battle. 7 Even the stork knows when it is time to move on. The turtledove, swallow, and crane recognize the normal times for their migration. But my people pay no attention to what I, the Lord, require of them.⁠ 8 How can you say, “We are wise! We have the law of the Lord”? The truth is, those who teach it have used their writings to make it say what it does not really mean. 9 Your wise men will be put to shame. They will be dumbfounded and be brought to judgment. Since they have rejected the Lord’s message, what wisdom do they really have? 10 So I will give their wives to other men and their fields to new owners. For from the least important to the most important of them, all of them are greedy for dishonest gain. Prophets and priests alike all practice deceit. 11 They offer only superficial help for the hurt my dear people have suffered. They say, “Everything will be all right!” But everything is not all right.⁠ 12 Are they ashamed because they have done such disgusting things? No, they are not at all ashamed! They do not even know how to blush. So they will die just like others have died. They will be brought to ruin when I punish them, says the Lord. 13 I will sweep away their harvests31,⁠ says the Lord. There will be no grapes on their vines. There will be no figs on their fig trees. Even the leaves on their trees will wither. The crops that I gave them will be taken away.’” 14 The people say, “Why are we just sitting here? Let us gather together inside the fortified cities. Let us at least die there fighting, since the Lord our God has condemned us to die. He has condemned us to drink the poison waters of judgment because we have sinned against him. 15 We hoped for good fortune, but nothing good has come of it. We hoped for a time of relief, but instead we experience terror. 16 The snorting of the enemy’s horses is already being heard in the city of Dan. The sound of the neighing of their stallions causes the whole land to tremble with fear. They are coming to destroy the land and everything in it. They are coming to destroy the cities and everyone who lives in them.” 17 The Lord says, “Yes indeed, I am sending an enemy against you that will be like poisonous snakes that cannot be charmed away. And they will inflict fatal wounds on you.”⁠ 18 Then I said, “There is no cure for my grief! I am sick at heart! 19 I hear my dear people crying out throughout the length and breadth of the land. They are crying, ‘Is the Lord no longer in Zion? Is her divine King no longer there?’” The Lord answers, “Why then do they provoke me to anger with their images, with their worthless foreign idols?”⁠ 20 “They cry, ‘Harvest time has come and gone and the summer is over, and still we have not been delivered.’ 21 My heart is crushed because the daughter of my people55 are being crushed. I go about crying and grieving. I am overwhelmed with dismay.⁠ 22 There is still medicinal ointment available in Gilead! There is still a physician there! Why then have the daughter of my people60 not been restored to health?

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 21:6 and Jeremiah 8:17

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Numbers describes snakes sent to the Israelites, leading to a bronze snake lifted on a pole for healing, an act of sympathetic magic where likeness brings remedy. Jeremiah follows this sympathetic magic tradition, insisting they cannot be charmed away.

Passages

Numbers 21:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Then they traveled from Mount Hor by the road to the Red Sea, to go around the land of Edom, but the people became impatient along the way. 5 And the people spoke against God and against Moses, “Why have you brought us up from Egypt to die in the wilderness, for there is no bread or water, and we detest this worthless food.” 6 So the Lord sent venomous snakes among the people, and they bit the people; many people of Israel died. 7 Then the people came to Moses and said, “We have sinned, for we have spoken against the Lord and against you. Pray to the Lord that he would take away the snakes from us.” So Moses prayed for the people. 8 The Lord said to Moses, “Make a poisonous snake and set it on a pole. When anyone who is bitten looks at it, he will live.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Jeremiah 8:17

Hebrew Bible
15 We hoped for good fortune, but nothing good has come of it. We hoped for a time of relief, but instead we experience terror. 16 The snorting of the enemy’s horses is already being heard in the city of Dan. The sound of the neighing of their stallions causes the whole land to tremble with fear. They are coming to destroy the land and everything in it. They are coming to destroy the cities and everyone who lives in them.” 17 The Lord says, “Yes indeed, I am sending an enemy against you that will be like poisonous snakes that cannot be charmed away. And they will inflict fatal wounds on you.” 18 Then I said, “There is no cure for my grief! I am sick at heart! 19 I hear my dear people crying out throughout the length and breadth of the land. They are crying, ‘Is the Lord no longer in Zion? Is her divine King no longer there?’” The Lord answers, “Why then do they provoke me to anger with their images, with their worthless foreign idols?”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... Sympathetic magic is based on the principle that like produces like. As previously mentioned, the system is composed of positive and negative precepts (prohibitions) and many of these may be found in the Hebrew Bible with reference to magic. There are a few instances of sympathetic magic which occur in the Hebrew Bible. The episode of the bronze serpent made by Moses that cured people from poisonous snakebite, has a dimension of sympathetic magic. According to Numbers 21:4-9 the people murmur. God sends a plague and the people repent. Moses intercedes and God reconsiders. God said to Moses, "Make a fiery serpent, and set it on a pole. Everyone who is bitten, when he sees it, should live" (Numbers 21:8) ... ("augur, diviner, enchanter") is associated with two different roots ... Those emphasizing the connection associate it with some form of divination related to snakes. The connection tends to associate it more with magic, particularly with the use of charms and enchantments. References may be found in Isaiah 3:3,20; 26:26 and Jeremiah 8:17; Ecclesiastes 10:11 (McLean 1992:468) ..."
Gwendolene Caren Liedeman, “Magic in the Ancient Near East with Special Reference to Ancient Israel” (MA diss., University of Stellenbosch, 2002), 52–58.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 21:6 and Jeremiah 8:17

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