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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 2

1 The Lord’s message came to me, 2 “Go and declare in the hearing of the people of Jerusalem: ‘This is what the Lord says: “I have fond memories of you, how devoted you were to me in your early years. I remember how you loved me like a new bride; you followed me through the wilderness, through a land that had never been planted.⁠ 3 Israel was set apart to the Lord; they were like the firstfruits of a harvest to him. All who tried to devour them were punished; disaster came upon them,” says the Lord.’” 4 Now listen to the Lord’s message, you descendants of Jacob, all you family groups from the nation of Israel. 5 This is what the Lord says: “What fault could your ancestors have possibly found in me that they strayed so far from me? They paid allegiance to worthless idols, and so became worthless to me. 6 They did not ask, ‘Where is the Lord who delivered us out of Egypt, who brought us through the wilderness, through a land of valleys and gorges, through a land of desert and deep darkness, through a land in which no one travels, and where no one lives?’ 7 I brought you into a fertile land so you could enjoy its fruits and its rich bounty. But when you entered my land, you defiled it; you made the land I call my own loathsome to me.⁠ 8 Your priests did not ask, ‘Where is the Lord?’ Those responsible for teaching my law did not really know me. Your rulers rebelled against me. Your prophets prophesied in the name of the god Baal. They all worshiped idols that could not help them. 9 “So, once more I will state my case against you,” says the Lord. “I will also state it against your children and grandchildren.⁠ 10 Go west across the sea to the coasts of Cyprus and see. Send someone east to Kedar and have them look carefully. See if such a thing as this has ever happened: 11 Has a nation ever changed its gods (even though they are not really gods at all)? But my people have exchanged me, their glorious God, for a god that cannot help them at all!⁠ 12 Be amazed at this, O heavens. Be shocked and utterly dumbfounded,” says the Lord. 13 “Do so because my people have committed a double wrong: They have rejected me, the fountain of life-giving water,⁠ and they have dug cisterns for themselves, cracked cisterns that cannot even hold water. 14 “Israel is not a slave, is he? He was not born into slavery, was he? If not, why then is he being carried off? 15 Like lions his enemies roar victoriously over him; they raise their voices in triumph. They have laid his land waste; his cities have been burned down and deserted. 16 Even the soldiers from Memphis and Tahpanhes have cracked your skulls, people of Israel.⁠ 17 You have brought all this on yourself, Israel, by deserting the Lord your God when he was leading you along the right path. 18 What good will it do you then to go down to Egypt to seek help from the Egyptians? What good will it do you to go over to Assyria to seek help from the Assyrians? 19 Your own wickedness will bring about your punishment. Your unfaithful acts will bring down discipline on you. Know, then, and realize how utterly harmful it was for you to reject me, the Lord your God, to show no respect for me,” says the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 20 “Indeed, long ago you threw off my authority and refused to be subject to me. You said, ‘I will not serve you.’ Instead, you gave yourself to other gods on every high hill and under every green tree,⁠ like a prostitute sprawls out before her lovers. 21 I planted you in the land like a special vine of the very best stock. Why in the world have you turned into something like a wild vine that produces rotten, foul-smelling grapes? 22 You can try to wash away your guilt with a strong detergent. You can use as much soap as you want. But the stain of your guilt is still there for me to see,” says the Sovereign Lord. 23 “How can you say, ‘I have not made myself unclean. I have not paid allegiance to the gods called Baal.’ Just look at the way you have behaved in the Valley of Hinnom! Think about the things you have done there! You are like a flighty, young female camel that rushes here and there, crisscrossing its path. 24 You are like a wild female donkey brought up in the wilderness. In her lust she sniffs the wind to get the scent of a male. No one can hold her back when she is in heat. None of the males need wear themselves out chasing after her. At mating time she is easy to find. 25 Do not chase after other gods until your shoes wear out and your throats become dry. But you say, ‘It is useless for you to try and stop me because I love those foreign gods and want to pursue them!’ 26 Just as a thief has to suffer dishonor when he is caught, so the people of Israel will suffer dishonor for what they have done. So will their kings and officials, their priests and their prophets. 27 They say to a wooden idol, ‘You are my father.’ They say to a stone image, ‘You gave birth to me.’⁠ Yes, they have turned away from me instead of turning to me. Yet when they are in trouble, they say, ‘Come and save us!’ 28 But where are the gods you made for yourselves? Let them save you when you are in trouble.⁠ The sad fact is that you have as many gods as you have towns, Judah.⁠ 29 Why do you try to refute me? All of you have rebelled against me,” says the Lord. 30 “It did no good for me to punish your people. They did not respond to such correction. You slaughtered your prophets like a voracious lion.” 31 You people of this generation, listen to the Lord’s message: “Have I been like a wilderness to you, Israel? Have I been like a dark and dangerous land to you? Why then do you say, ‘We are free to wander. We will not come to you anymore?’ 32 Does a young woman forget to put on her jewels? Does a bride forget to put on her bridal attire?⁠ But my people have forgotten me for more days than can even be counted. 33 “My, how good you have become at chasing after your lovers! Why, you could even teach prostitutes a thing or two! 34 Even your clothes are stained with the lifeblood of the poor who had not done anything wrong; you did not catch them breaking into your homes. Yet, in spite of all these things you have done, 35 you say, ‘I have not done anything wrong, so the Lord cannot really be angry with me any more.’ But, watch out! I will bring down judgment on you because you say, ‘I have not committed any sin.’ 36 Why do you constantly go about changing your political allegiances? You will get no help from Egypt just as you got no help from Assyria. 37 Moreover, you will come away from Egypt with your hands covering your faces in sorrow and shame because the Lord will not allow your reliance on them to be successful and you will not gain any help from them.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 12:2 and Jeremiah 2:20

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jeremiah reuses language from Deuteronomy about worshiping on high hills and under leafy trees, using it to accuse Israel of unfaithfulness. Where Deuteronomy demanded their destruction, Jeremiah depicts Israel instead following those practices.

Passages

Deuteronomy 12:2

Hebrew Bible
1 These are the statutes and ordinances you must be careful to obey as long as you live in the land the Lord, the God of your ancestors, has given you to possess. 2 You must by all means destroy all the places where the nations you are about to dispossess worship their gods—on the high mountains and hills and under every leafy tree. 3 You must tear down their altars, shatter their sacred pillars, burn up their sacred Asherah poles, and cut down the images of their gods; you must eliminate their very memory from that place. 4 You must not worship the Lord your God the way they worship.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Jeremiah 2:20

Hebrew Bible
18 What good will it do you then to go down to Egypt to seek help from the Egyptians? What good will it do you to go over to Assyria to seek help from the Assyrians? 19 Your own wickedness will bring about your punishment. Your unfaithful acts will bring down discipline on you. Know, then, and realize how utterly harmful it was for you to reject me, the Lord your God, to show no respect for me,” says the Sovereign Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 20 “Indeed, long ago you threw off my authority and refused to be subject to me. You said, ‘I will not serve you.’ Instead, you gave yourself to other gods on every high hill and under every green tree, like a prostitute sprawls out before her lovers. 21 I planted you in the land like a special vine of the very best stock. Why in the world have you turned into something like a wild vine that produces rotten, foul-smelling grapes? 22 You can try to wash away your guilt with a strong detergent. You can use as much soap as you want. But the stain of your guilt is still there for me to see,” says the Sovereign Lord.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... When the people came to the sanctuary to remember (also a strong covenant word: Deuteronomy 8:18; Numbers 15:39; Exodus 20:8), their remembrance (“observance” or “commemoration”) was not of their covenant with Yahweh; instead they worshiped their altars and Asherahs, together with their green trees and high places, all indicative of syncretistic Baal worship (Deuteronomy 12:2; Jeremiah 2:20; 3:6, 13). The last phrase of the indictment, the first two words of verse 3, returns to the first person. These trees or groves, high hills, and high places of Baal worship all belong not to Baal but to Yahweh! As so commonly occurs in Hosea, Jeremiah appropriates the marriage and fertility images to describe Yahweh and his covenant relationship with his people. Furthermore, this phrase contrasts again the syncretistic worship with that which should be given Yahweh on his “holy hill” ..."
Peter C. Craigie, Word Biblical Commentary: Jeremiah 1-25 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2018), 487–488.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 12:2 and Jeremiah 2:20

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