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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 19

1 The Lord told Jeremiah, “Go and buy a clay jar from a potter. Take with you some of the leaders of the people and some of the leaders of the priests. 2 Go out to the part of the Hinnom Valley that is near the entrance of the Potsherd Gate. Announce there what I tell you. 3 Say, ‘Listen to the Lord’s message, you kings of Judah and citizens of Jerusalem! This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, has said, “Look here! I am about to bring a disaster on this place that will make the ears of everyone who hears about it ring.⁠ 4 I will do so because these people have rejected me and have defiled this place. They have offered sacrifices in it to other gods that neither they nor their ancestors nor the kings of Judah knew anything about. They have filled it with the blood of innocent children.⁠ 5 They have built places here for worship of the god Baal so that they could sacrifice their children as burnt offerings to him in the fire.⁠ Such sacrifices are something I never commanded them to make. They are something I never told them to do! Indeed, such a thing never even entered my mind.⁠ 6 So I, the Lord, say: ‘The time will soon come that people will no longer call this place Topheth or the Hinnom Valley. But they will call this valley the Valley of Slaughter! 7 In this place I will thwart the plans of the people of Judah and Jerusalem. I will deliver them over to the power of their enemies who are seeking to kill them. They will die by the sword at the hands of their enemies. I will make their dead bodies food for the birds and wild beasts to eat.⁠ 8 I will make this city an object of horror, a thing to be hissed at. All who pass by it will be filled with horror⁠ and will hiss out their scorn⁠ because of all the disasters that have happened to it. 9 I will reduce the people of this city to desperate straits during the siege imposed on it by their enemies who are seeking to kill them. I will make them so desperate that they will eat the flesh of their own sons and daughters and the flesh of one another.”’”’ 10 The Lord continued, “Now break the jar in front of those who have come here with you. 11 Tell them the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says, ‘I will do just as Jeremiah has done. I will smash this nation and this city as though it were a potter’s vessel that is broken beyond repair. The dead will be buried here in Topheth until there is no more room to bury them.’ 12 I, the Lord, say: ‘That is how I will deal with this city and its citizens. I will make it like Topheth. 13 The houses in Jerusalem and the houses of the kings of Judah will be defiled by dead bodies just like this place, Topheth. For they offered sacrifice to the stars and poured out drink offerings to other gods on the roofs of those houses.’”⁠ 14 Then Jeremiah left Topheth where the Lord had sent him to give that prophecy. He went to the Lord’s temple and stood in its courtyard and called out to all the people. 15 “The Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, says, ‘I will soon bring on this city and all the towns surrounding it all the disaster I threatened to do to it. I will do so because they have stubbornly refused to pay any attention to what I have said!’”

Texts in conversation

Child Sacrifice to Baal in Jeremiah and Chronicles

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

2 Chronicles 28 portrays Ahaz offering child sacrifice in the Valley of Hinnom and links this to Baal worship. These details draw on themes found in Jeremiah but not in Kings, suggesting the Chronicler used a distinct prophetic tradition.

Passages

Jeremiah 19:5

Hebrew Bible
3 Say, ‘Listen to the Lord’s message, you kings of Judah and citizens of Jerusalem! This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, has said, “Look here! I am about to bring a disaster on this place that will make the ears of everyone who hears about it ring. 4 I will do so because these people have rejected me and have defiled this place. They have offered sacrifices in it to other gods that neither they nor their ancestors nor the kings of Judah knew anything about. They have filled it with the blood of innocent children. 5 They have built places here for worship of the god Baal so that they could sacrifice their children as burnt offerings to him in the fire. Such sacrifices are something I never commanded them to make. They are something I never told them to do! Indeed, such a thing never even entered my mind. 6 So I, the Lord, say: ‘The time will soon come that people will no longer call this place Topheth or the Hinnom Valley. But they will call this valley the Valley of Slaughter!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

2 Chronicles 28:3

Hebrew Bible
1 Ahaz was twenty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned for sixteen years in Jerusalem. He did not do what pleased the Lord, in contrast to his ancestor David. 2 He followed in the footsteps of the kings of Israel; he also made images of the Baals. 3 He offered sacrifices in the Valley of Ben Hinnom and passed his sons through the fire, a horrible sin practiced by the nations whom the Lord drove out before the Israelites. 4 He offered sacrifices and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree. 5 The Lord his God handed him over to the king of Syria. The Syrians defeated him and deported many captives to Damascus. He was also handed over to the king of Israel, who thoroughly defeated him.
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Chronicles

References

"... Jerusalem fell because of Judahites angered YHWH by burning incense “to other gods, whom they didn’t know, they, you, and your fathers,” so none of the Judahites in Egypt will return to Judah (a key to the theology of the return). As noted above, the popular response to Jeremiah’s oracle is rejection ... The devotions fulfill their vows ... 11:17: to ‘the Baal’; 18:5: lšw’, in Jeremiah’s usage either “vainly” or “to a vain thing”; 1:16: “they burned incense to other gods, and prostrated themselves to their own manufacture;” 19:4–5: in the Valley of ben-Hinnom ... Here, in the background to the destruction of the rooftops in 19:13; 32:29, where “the baal” is collective, for the Host – the combination of burning incense at the Tophet in the Valley of ben-Hinnom with child sacrifice is also projected onto Ahaz in 2 Chronicles 28:3, based on 2 Kings 16:3, where incense does not appear; 48:35: by Moabites who build high places and burn incense to their god ..."
Baruch Halpern, From Gods to God: The Dynamics of Iron Age Cosmologies, ed. Matthew J. Adams (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009), 85–86.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jeremiah 19:5 and 2 Chronicles 28:3

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