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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 19

1 The Lord told Jeremiah, “Go and buy a clay jar from a potter. Take with you some of the leaders of the people and some of the leaders of the priests. 2 Go out to the part of the Hinnom Valley that is near the entrance of the Potsherd Gate. Announce there what I tell you. 3 Say, ‘Listen to the Lord’s message, you kings of Judah and citizens of Jerusalem! This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, has said, “Look here! I am about to bring a disaster on this place that will make the ears of everyone who hears about it ring.⁠ 4 I will do so because these people have rejected me and have defiled this place. They have offered sacrifices in it to other gods that neither they nor their ancestors nor the kings of Judah knew anything about. They have filled it with the blood of innocent children.⁠ 5 They have built places here for worship of the god Baal so that they could sacrifice their children as burnt offerings to him in the fire.⁠ Such sacrifices are something I never commanded them to make. They are something I never told them to do! Indeed, such a thing never even entered my mind.⁠ 6 So I, the Lord, say: ‘The time will soon come that people will no longer call this place Topheth or the Hinnom Valley. But they will call this valley the Valley of Slaughter! 7 In this place I will thwart the plans of the people of Judah and Jerusalem. I will deliver them over to the power of their enemies who are seeking to kill them. They will die by the sword at the hands of their enemies. I will make their dead bodies food for the birds and wild beasts to eat.⁠ 8 I will make this city an object of horror, a thing to be hissed at. All who pass by it will be filled with horror⁠ and will hiss out their scorn⁠ because of all the disasters that have happened to it. 9 I will reduce the people of this city to desperate straits during the siege imposed on it by their enemies who are seeking to kill them. I will make them so desperate that they will eat the flesh of their own sons and daughters and the flesh of one another.”’”’ 10 The Lord continued, “Now break the jar in front of those who have come here with you. 11 Tell them the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says, ‘I will do just as Jeremiah has done. I will smash this nation and this city as though it were a potter’s vessel that is broken beyond repair. The dead will be buried here in Topheth until there is no more room to bury them.’ 12 I, the Lord, say: ‘That is how I will deal with this city and its citizens. I will make it like Topheth. 13 The houses in Jerusalem and the houses of the kings of Judah will be defiled by dead bodies just like this place, Topheth. For they offered sacrifice to the stars and poured out drink offerings to other gods on the roofs of those houses.’”⁠ 14 Then Jeremiah left Topheth where the Lord had sent him to give that prophecy. He went to the Lord’s temple and stood in its courtyard and called out to all the people. 15 “The Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, says, ‘I will soon bring on this city and all the towns surrounding it all the disaster I threatened to do to it. I will do so because they have stubbornly refused to pay any attention to what I have said!’”

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.14 II:18 and Jeremiah 19:13

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The Legend of Kirta describes rooftop rituals that include offerings of wine, honey, and birds to the gods. Jeremiah refers to similar rooftop sacrifices and condemns them as foreign worship, linking these practices to astral deities.

Passages

KTU 1.14 II:18

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
Take a msrr, bird of sacrifice. Pour wine [into a bo]wl of silver, honey into a bowl of [g]old. {Mount to the top of a [to]wer.} And mount to the top of a [to]wer; mount up to the summit of the wall. Lift up your hands to heaven, sacrifice to Bull your father, El. Serve Baal with your sacrifice, the Son of Dagan with your oblation. Then let Kirta descend from the housetops. Prepare
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Jeremiah 19:13

Hebrew Bible
12 I, the Lord, say: ‘That is how I will deal with this city and its citizens. I will make it like Topheth. 13 The houses in Jerusalem and the houses of the kings of Judah will be defiled by dead bodies just like this place, Topheth. For they offered sacrifice to the stars and poured out drink offerings to other gods on the roofs of those houses.’” 14 Then Jeremiah left Topheth where the Lord had sent him to give that prophecy. He went to the Lord’s temple and stood in its courtyard and called out to all the people.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... Mourning in Ugarit seems to have taken forms familiar from other cultures, if the Baal Cycle is any indication: Upon Baal’s death, El and Anat both wail, put on a specific type of clothing (mizrt), and gash their faces, arms, and torsos (see CAT 1.5 vi:14–1.6 i:7). El further puts dust on his head. In the Kirta epic, the eponymous king retires to his room, weeping, after the death of his entire family (CAT 1.14 i:26–35). It is not clear whether the ensuing sacrifice on the rooftops (1.14 ii:19–24) is related to the deaths (This conclusion is tempting in light of the collocation in Jeremiah 19:10–13 of rooftop sacrifice with the Tophet cult of human sacrifice) or is simply part of an effort to elicit a better fate from the gods. As for specifically royal funerary practices, the command to mourn over the throne and footstool of the dead king (CAT 1.161:13–14) suggests that a chair served as a placeholder for the deceased’s spirit, as in Mesopotamian and Hittite funerals ..."
Christopher B. Hays, Death in the Iron Age II and in First Isaiah (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2011), 105.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.14 II:18 and Jeremiah 19:13

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