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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 16

1 The Lord’s message came to me, 2 “Do not get married and do not have children here in this land. 3 For I, the Lord, tell you what will happen to the children who are born here in this land and to the men and women who are their mothers and fathers. 4 They will die of deadly diseases. No one will mourn for them. They will not be buried. Their dead bodies will lie like manure spread on the ground. They will be killed in war or die of starvation. Their corpses will be food for the birds and wild animals.⁠ 5 “Moreover I, the Lord, tell you: ‘Do not go into a house where they are having a funeral meal.⁠ Do not go there to mourn and express your sorrow for them. For I have stopped showing them my good favor, my love, and my compassion. I, the Lord, so affirm it! 6 Rich and poor alike will die in this land. They will not be buried or mourned. People will not cut their bodies or shave off their hair to show their grief for them.⁠ 7 No one will take any food to those who mourn for the dead to comfort them.⁠ No one will give them any wine to drink to console them for the loss of their father or mother. 8 “‘Do not go to a house where people are feasting and sit down to eat and drink with them either. 9 For I, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, tell you what will happen. I will put an end to the sounds of joy and gladness, to the glad celebration of brides and grooms in this land. You and the rest of the people will live to see this happen.’ 10 “When you tell these people about all this, they will undoubtedly ask you, ‘Why has the Lord threatened us with such great disaster? What wrong have we done? What sin have we done to offend the Lord our God?’ 11 Then tell them that the Lord says, ‘It is because your ancestors rejected me and paid allegiance to other gods. They have served them and worshiped them. But they have rejected me and not obeyed my law. 12 And you have acted even more wickedly than your ancestors! Each one of you has followed the stubborn inclinations of your own wicked heart and not obeyed me. 13 So I will throw you out of this land into a land that neither you nor your ancestors have ever known. There you must worship other gods day and night, for I will show you no mercy.’ 14 “Yet I, the Lord, say: ‘A new time will certainly come. People now affirm their oaths with “I swear as surely as the Lord lives who delivered the people of Israel out of Egypt.”⁠ 15 But in that time they will affirm them with “I swear as surely as the Lord lives who delivered the people of Israel from the land of the north and from all the other lands where he had banished them.” At that time I will bring them back to the land I gave their ancestors. 16 “But for now I, the Lord, say: ‘I will send many enemies who will catch these people like fishermen. After that I will send others who will hunt them out like hunters from all the mountains, all the hills, and the crevices in the rocks. 17 For I see everything they do. Their wicked ways are not hidden from me. Their sin is not hidden away where I cannot see it. 18 Before I restore them I will punish them in full for their sins and the wrongs they have done. For they have polluted my land with the lifeless statues of their disgusting idols. They have filled the land I have claimed as my own with their detestable idols.’ 19 Then I said, “Lord, you give me strength and protect me. You are the one I can run to for safety when I am in trouble. Nations from all over the earth will come to you and say, ‘Our ancestors had nothing but false gods—worthless idols that could not help them at all.’ 20 Can people make their own gods? No, what they make are not gods at all.” 21 The Lord said, “So I will now let this wicked people know—I will let them know my mighty power in judgment. Then they will know that my name is the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 29:5 and Jeremiah 16:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jeremiah depicts corpses left to birds and beasts, highlighting the role of shame in judgment. Ezekiel directs the same fate at Pharaoh, using the language of the covenant curses for Israel in Deuteronomy but applying it to the judgment of Egypt.

Passages

Ezekiel 29:5

Hebrew Bible
3 Tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘Look, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great monster lying in the midst of its waterways, who has said, “My Nile is my own, I made it for myself.” 4 I will put hooks in your jaws and stick the fish of your waterways to your scales. I will haul you up from the midst of your waterways, and all the fish of your waterways will stick to your scales. 5 I will leave you in the wilderness, you and all the fish of your waterways; you will fall in the open field and will not be gathered up or collected. I have given you as food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the skies. 6 Then all those living in Egypt will know that I am the Lord because they were a reed staff for the house of Israel; 7 when they grasped you with their hand, you broke and tore their shoulders, and when they leaned on you, you splintered and caused their legs to be unsteady.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

Jeremiah 16:4

Hebrew Bible
2 “Do not get married and do not have children here in this land. 3 For I, the Lord, tell you what will happen to the children who are born here in this land and to the men and women who are their mothers and fathers. 4 They will die of deadly diseases. No one will mourn for them. They will not be buried. Their dead bodies will lie like manure spread on the ground. They will be killed in war or die of starvation. Their corpses will be food for the birds and wild animals. 5 “Moreover I, the Lord, tell you: ‘Do not go into a house where they are having a funeral meal. Do not go there to mourn and express your sorrow for them. For I have stopped showing them my good favor, my love, and my compassion. I, the Lord, so affirm it! 6 Rich and poor alike will die in this land. They will not be buried or mourned. People will not cut their bodies or shave off their hair to show their grief for them.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... from the larger Mesopotamian context, birds take on decidedly different connotations from those situations where they represent the prey or where they represent the protector. Different types of birds come into view. Simply stated, some birds are predators, others prey. Birds also appear frequently at the conclusion of the battle. One example appears in Jeremiah 7:33: “The corpses of this people will be food for the birds of the air and for the animals of the earth, and no one will frighten them away.” Somewhat opaquer is Jeremiah 15:3, which seems to depict an order of events: first the sword, then dogs dragging away bodies, and third birds and wild animals consuming the remaining carrion. A number of similar images appear in the exilic and later images of Jeremiah (16:4; 19:7; 34:20) and Ezekiel (29:5 32:43; 39:4), but also in narratives such as the David and Goliath story in 1 Samuel 17:44, 46. Such evidence has led some scholars to the position summarized by Berner as follows, “The נשׁר as well as birds of prey in general (Hebrew עיט) are part of the imagery of prophetic judgment scenes, where they symbolize imminent destruction ... or are referred to in order to express the impossibility of escaping the divine punishment.” Note that Berner appears to limit these roles to the categories of birds designated as “birds of prey” ..."
Peter Altmann, Banned Birds: The Birds of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019), 43.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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