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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 14

1 This was the Lord’s message to Jeremiah about the drought. 2 “The people of Judah are in mourning. The people in her cities are pining away. They lie on the ground expressing their sorrow. Cries of distress come up to me from Jerusalem. 3 The leading men of the cities send their servants for water. They go to the cisterns, but they do not find any water there. They return with their containers empty. Disappointed and dismayed, they bury their faces in their hands. 4 They are dismayed because the ground is cracked because there has been no rain in the land. The farmers, too, are dismayed and bury their faces in their hands.⁠ 5 Even the doe abandons her newborn fawn in the field because there is no grass. 6 Wild donkeys stand on the hilltops⁠ and pant for breath like jackals. Their eyes are strained looking for food, because there is none to be found.” 7 Then I said, “O Lord, intervene for the honor of your name even though our sins speak out against us. Indeed, we have turned away from you many times. We have sinned against you. 8 You have been the object of Israel’s hopes. You have saved them when they were in trouble. Why have you become like a resident foreigner in the land? Why have you become like a traveler who only stops in to spend the night? 9 Why should you be like someone who is helpless, like a champion who cannot save anyone? You are indeed with us, and we belong to you. Do not abandon us!” 10 Then the Lord spoke about these people. “They truly love to go astray. They cannot keep from running away from me. So I am not pleased with them. I will now call to mind the wrongs they have done and punish them for their sins.”⁠ 11 Then the Lord said to me, “Do not pray for good to come to these people! 12 Even if they fast, I will not hear their cries for help. Even if they offer burnt offerings and grain offerings, I will not accept them. Instead, I will kill them through wars, famines, and plagues.”⁠ 13 Then I said, “Oh, Sovereign Lord, look! The prophets are telling them that you said, ‘You will not experience war or suffer famine. I will give you lasting peace and prosperity in this land.’” 14 Then the Lord said to me, “Those prophets are prophesying lies while claiming my authority! I did not send them. I did not commission them. I did not speak to them. They are prophesying to these people false visions, worthless predictions, and the delusions of their own mind. 15 I did not send those prophets, though they claim to be prophesying in my name. They may be saying, ‘No war or famine will happen in this land.’ But I, the Lord, say this about them: ‘War and starvation will kill those prophets.’ 16 The people to whom they are prophesying will die through war and famine. Their bodies will be thrown out into the streets of Jerusalem, and there will be no one to bury them. This will happen to the men and their wives, their sons, and their daughters. For I will pour out on them the destruction they deserve.” 17 “Tell these people this, Jeremiah: ‘My eyes overflow with tears day and night without ceasing. For my virgin daughter, my people, have suffered a crushing blow.45 They have suffered a serious wound.⁠ 18 If I go out into the countryside, I see those who have been killed in battle. If I go into the city, I see those who are sick because of starvation.⁠ For both prophet and priest—they go peddling in the land but they are not humbled.’” 19 Then I said, “Lord, have you completely rejected the nation of Judah? Do you despise the city of Zion? Why have you struck us with such force that we are beyond recovery? We hope for peace, but nothing good has come of it. We hope for a time of relief from our troubles, but experience terror. 20 Lord, we confess that we have been wicked. We confess that our ancestors have done wrong. We have indeed sinned against you.⁠ 21 For the honor of your name, do not treat Jerusalem with contempt. Do not treat with disdain the place where your glorious throne sits. Be mindful of your covenant with us. Do not break it. 22 Do any of the worthless idols of the nations cause rain to fall? Do the skies themselves send showers? Is it not you, O Lord our God, who does this? So we put our hopes in you because you alone do all this.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 and Jeremiah 14:18 and Lamentations 1:20

Ancient Near East, Sumerian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The Sumerian Lament over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur says death comes by famine inside the city and by weapons outside. Lamentations, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel follow this pattern, showing how biblical writers used ancient Near Eastern traditions.

Passages

Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400

Ancient Near East, Sumerian
398 How long until we are finished off by this catastrophe? 399 Ur-inside it there is death, outside it there is death, 400 Inside it we are being finished off by famine, 401 Outside it we are being finished off by Elamite weapons. 402 In Ur the enemy has oppressed us, oh, we are finished!” 403 They take refuge behind it the city walls, they were united in their fear.

Jeremiah 14:18

Hebrew Bible
17 “Tell these people this, Jeremiah: ‘My eyes overflow with tears day and night without ceasing. For my virgin daughter, my people, have suffered a crushing blow.45 They have suffered a serious wound. 18 If I go out into the countryside, I see those who have been killed in battle. If I go into the city, I see those who are sick because of starvation. For both prophet and priest—they go peddling in the land but they are not humbled.’” 19 Then I said, “Lord, have you completely rejected the nation of Judah? Do you despise the city of Zion? Why have you struck us with such force that we are beyond recovery? We hope for peace, but nothing good has come of it. We hope for a time of relief from our troubles, but experience terror.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

Lamentations 1:20

Hebrew Bible
19 ק (Qof) I called for my lovers, but they had deceived me. My priests and my elders perished in the city. Truly they had searched for food to keep themselves alive. 20 ר (Resh) Look, O Lord! I am distressed; my stomach is in knots! My heart is pounding inside me. Yes, I was terribly rebellious! Out in the street the sword bereaves a mother of her children; inside the house famine* is present. 21 ש (Sin/Shin) They have heard that I groan, yet there is no one to comfort me. All my enemies have heard of my trouble; they are glad that you have brought it about. Bring about the day of judgment that you promised so that they may end up like me!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Lamentations

References

"... There are additional textual resemblances between the other Sumerian Laments and the Book of Lamentations. An example pointed out by Hillers is the similarity between the Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (399-401) ‘Ur – inside it there is death, outside it there is death, inside it we are being finished off by famine, outside it we are being finished off by Elamite weapons,’ and Lamentations 1:20, Outside the sword killed my children; inside, it was famine. He adds that this phrasing is found in other books of the Bible as well. For example, Ezekiel 7:15, The sword outside, and pestilence and famine inside; he who is in the field shall die by the sword, and he who is in the city – famine and pestilence shall devour him; Jeremiah 14:18, If I go out to the field, there are those slain by the sword, and if I go into the city, there are the diseases of famine; and Deuteronomy 32:25, In the street the sword will make them childless; in their homes terror will reign. According to Hillers, these examples “are meant to illustrate the persistence of ancient literary motifs into late biblical literature, and not to prove a specific connection of Lamentations to Sumerian Laments” ..."
Wered Filarski, “Lamentations: A Comparison Between Mesopotamia and Judea,” JBQ 45.2 (2017): 87–98.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 400 and Jeremiah 14:18 and Lamentations 1:20

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