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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The following is a record of what Jeremiah son of Hilkiah prophesied. He was one of the priests who lived at Anathoth⁠ in the territory of the tribe of Benjamin. 2 The Lord’s message came to him in the thirteenth year that Josiah son of Amon ruled over Judah. 3 It also came in the days of Jehoiakim, son of Josiah, king of Judah, and continued until the eleventh year of Zedekiah, son of Josiah, king of Judah, until the people of Jerusalem were taken into exile in the fifth month of that year. 4 The Lord’s message came to me, 5 “Before I formed you in your mother’s womb, I chose you. Before you were born, I set you apart. I appointed you to be a prophet to the nations.”⁠ 6 I answered, “Oh, Sovereign Lord, Really I do not know how to speak well enough for that, for I am too young.”⁠ 7 The Lord said to me, “Do not say, ‘I am too young.’ But go to whomever I send you and say whatever I tell you. 8 Do not be afraid of those to whom I send you, for I will be with you to protect you,” says the Lord.⁠ 9 Then the Lord reached out his hand and touched my mouth and said to me, “I will most assuredly give you the words you are to speak for me. 10 Know for certain that I hereby give you the authority to announce to nations and kingdoms that they will be uprooted and torn down, destroyed and demolished, rebuilt and firmly planted.”⁠ 11 Later the Lord’s message came to me, “What do you see, Jeremiah?” I answered, “I see a branch of an almond tree.” 12 Then the Lord said, “You have observed correctly. This means I am watching to make sure my threats are carried out.” 13 The Lord’s message came to me a second time, “What do you see?” I answered, “I see a pot of boiling water; it is tipped away from the north.” 14 Then the Lord said, “From the north destruction will break out on all who live in the land. 15 For I will soon summon all the peoples of the kingdoms of the north,” says the Lord. “They will come and their kings will set up their thrones near the entrances of the gates of Jerusalem. They will attack all the walls surrounding it and all the towns in Judah. 16 In this way I will pass sentence on the people of Jerusalem and Judah because of all their wickedness. For they rejected me and offered sacrifices to other gods, worshiping what they made with their own hands. 17 “But you, Jeremiah, get yourself ready! Go and tell these people everything I instruct you to say. Do not be terrified of them,⁠ or I will give you good reason to be terrified of them. 18 I, the Lord, hereby promise to make you as strong as a fortified city, an iron pillar, and a bronze wall. You will be able to stand up against all who live in the land, including the kings of Judah, its officials, its priests, and all the people of the land. 19 They will attack you but they will not be able to overcome you, for I will be with you to rescue you,” says the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 4:10 and Jeremiah 1:6

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The narrative of Jeremiah’s call echoes Moses in Exodus. Both hesitate when commissioned and claim they cannot speak well. Each is told that divine help will guide their words, turning their weakness into the basis for their work.

Passages

Exodus 4:10

Hebrew Bible
8 “If they do not believe you or pay attention to the former sign, then they may believe the latter sign. 9 And if they do not believe even these two signs or listen to you, then take some water from the Nile and pour it out on the dry ground. The water you take out of the Nile will become blood on the dry ground.” 10 Then Moses said to the Lord, “O my Lord, I am not an eloquent man, neither in the past nor since you have spoken to your servant, for I am slow of speech and slow of tongue.” 11 The Lord said to him, “Who gave a mouth to man, or who makes a person mute or deaf or seeing or blind? Is it not I, the Lord? 12 So now go, and I will be with your mouth and will teach you what you must say.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Jeremiah 1:6

Hebrew Bible
4 The Lord’s message came to me, 5 “Before I formed you in your mother’s womb, I chose you. Before you were born, I set you apart. I appointed you to be a prophet to the nations.” 6 I answered, “Oh, Sovereign Lord, Really I do not know how to speak well enough for that, for I am too young.” 7 The Lord said to me, “Do not say, ‘I am too young.’ But go to whomever I send you and say whatever I tell you. 8 Do not be afraid of those to whom I send you, for I will be with you to protect you,” says the Lord.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... let us consider what sorts of criteria might establish that the parallels between these texts were caused by P’s dependence on Exodus 3:1–4:17 rather than their dependence on a common precursor or the dependence of Exodus 3:1–4:17 on P. Sometimes one can decide such cases on the basis of expansion by one text of wording found in its parallel, but Exodus 3:1–4:17 lacks the sorts of extensive verbal parallels with P that would allow such an approach. One criterion that can be helpful in this case, however, is the presence of blind motifs in one text that are integral to the other. For example, one element that is integral to Exodus 3:1–4:17 as a whole is its presentation of both Moses and Aaron as prophetic figures, both through the elaboration of the prophetic call-narrative pattern in describing YHWH’s commissioning of Moses and through specific echoes of the late-Jeremiah call narrative (Jeremiah 1:4–10) in describing the commissioning of Aaron. The Priestly material in 6:12–13 shares the idea that Aaron was appointed because of Moses’s problems with speech (Exodus 4:10b-12; compare Jeremiah 1:6), and its resumptive repetition in 6:30–7:2 even names Aaron as a “prophet” (7:1). Otherwise, however, the prophetic elements so central to Exodus 3:1–4:17 are marginal in corresponding P materials. This is an indicator that, overall, P materials are dependent on Exodus 3:1–4:17, rather than vice versa. It is easier to suppose that the otherwise unmotivated themes of Moses’s difficulty with speaking (Exodus 6:12–13) and Aaron’s “prophet” status (vis-à-vis Moses as “God” to him in Exodus 7:1; compare 4:16) in P materials are faint echoes of the thoroughly prophetic presentation of both figures in Exodus 3:1–4:17 than that the detailed prophetic elements and resonances with Jeremiah 1:4–10 in Exodus 3:1–4:17 unfolded as elaborations on these minor elements in the P stratum ..."
David McLain Carr, The Formation of the Hebrew Bible: A New Reconstruction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 143–143.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 4:10 and Jeremiah 1:6

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