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About this book

James

About this book
Chapter 2

1 My brothers and sisters, do not show prejudice if you possess faith in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ.⁠ 2 For if someone comes into your assembly wearing a gold ring and fine clothing, and a poor person enters in filthy clothes, 3 do you pay attention to the one who is finely dressed and say, “You sit here in a good place,” and to the poor person, “You stand over there,” or “Sit on the floor”? 4 If so, have you not made distinctions among yourselves and become judges with evil motives? 5 Listen, my dear brothers and sisters! Did not God choose the poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom that he promised to those who love him? 6 But you have dishonored the poor! Are not the rich oppressing you and dragging you into the courts? 7 Do they not blaspheme the good name of the one you belong to? 8 But if you fulfill the royal law as expressed in this scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well.⁠ 9 But if you show prejudice, you are committing sin and are convicted by the law as violators. 10 For the one who obeys the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it.⁠ 11 For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a violator of the law. 12 Speak and act as those who will be judged by a law that gives freedom.⁠ 13 For judgment is merciless for the one who has shown no mercy.⁠ But mercy triumphs over judgment.⁠ 14 What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but does not have works? Can this kind of faith save him? 15 If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacks daily food, 16 and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, keep warm and eat well,” but you do not give them what the body needs, what good is it? 17 So also faith, if it does not have works, is dead being by itself. 18 But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith without works and I will show you faith by my works. 19 You believe that God is one; well and good. Even the demons believe that—and tremble with fear. 20 But would you like evidence, you empty fellow, that faith without works is useless? 21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar?⁠ 22 You see that his faith was working together with his works and his faith was perfected by works. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Now Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness,” and he was called God’s friend.⁠ 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone. 25 And similarly, was not Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she welcomed the messengers and sent them out by another way?⁠ 26 For just as the body without the spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.

Texts in conversation

Compare Joshua 2:1 and James 2:25

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

James draws on Joshua, using Rahab’s protection of the spies as an example of faith connected to action. For James, her hospitality places her with Abraham as evidence that genuine faith and loyalty are demonstrated through what you do.

Passages

Joshua 2:1

Hebrew Bible
1 Joshua son of Nun sent two spies out from Shittim secretly and instructed them: “Find out what you can about the land, especially Jericho.” They stopped at the house of a prostitute named Rahab and spent the night there. 2 The king of Jericho received this report: “Note well! Israelite men have come here tonight to spy on the land.” 3 So the king of Jericho sent this order to Rahab: “Turn over the men who came to you—the ones who came to your house—for they have come to spy on the whole land!” 4 But the woman hid the two men and replied, “Yes, these men were clients of mine, but I didn’t know where they came from.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

James 2:25

New Testament
23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Now Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness,” and he was called God’s friend. 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone. 25 And similarly, was not Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she welcomed the messengers and sent them out by another way? 26 For just as the body without the spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... It is not clear that James returns to direct confrontation with the interlocutor. Still, we can infer that moving from his first example, Abraham, to a second, Rahab, indicates the interlocutor is at least in the corner of his eye. His intent is to demonstrate the inseparability of faith and works and to deconstruct the arguments of those who think one can have faith and not have works (deeds of mercy). The perfection of Abraham's faith in the Aqedah now gives way to the active faith of Rahab. This shorter example then is followed by a summary conclusion (2:26). 'Likewise' ties what James has to say about Rahab to what he has said about Abraham as a second proof that faith and works are inseparable. The Canaanite prostitute Rahab, whose story of hospitality is told in Joshua 2 and whose reward is described in Joshua 6:16-25, creates problems for modern interpreters and historians while she resolves a faith-works relationship for James (Among the problems include why the two spies took up space at a prostitute's home; Joshua 2:1, 4, her prostitution being mentioned without repentance, her lying; 2:5-6, how she knew of the God of Israel; 2:9-11, and the complicity of the spies in deceit; 2:14. On the other hand, there are some dramatic resemblances of Rahab to the midwives of Egypt, not the least of which are the word 'hid'; Joshua 2:4; compare Exodus 2:2 and the marking of a home with red to protect the home and its inhabitants from destruction) ..."
Scot McKnight, The Letter of James (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2011), 256.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Joshua 2:1 and James 2:25

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