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About this book

James

About this book
Chapter 2

1 My brothers and sisters, do not show prejudice if you possess faith in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ.⁠ 2 For if someone comes into your assembly wearing a gold ring and fine clothing, and a poor person enters in filthy clothes, 3 do you pay attention to the one who is finely dressed and say, “You sit here in a good place,” and to the poor person, “You stand over there,” or “Sit on the floor”? 4 If so, have you not made distinctions among yourselves and become judges with evil motives? 5 Listen, my dear brothers and sisters! Did not God choose the poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom that he promised to those who love him? 6 But you have dishonored the poor! Are not the rich oppressing you and dragging you into the courts? 7 Do they not blaspheme the good name of the one you belong to? 8 But if you fulfill the royal law as expressed in this scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well.⁠ 9 But if you show prejudice, you are committing sin and are convicted by the law as violators. 10 For the one who obeys the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it.⁠ 11 For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a violator of the law. 12 Speak and act as those who will be judged by a law that gives freedom.⁠ 13 For judgment is merciless for the one who has shown no mercy.⁠ But mercy triumphs over judgment.⁠ 14 What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but does not have works? Can this kind of faith save him? 15 If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacks daily food, 16 and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, keep warm and eat well,” but you do not give them what the body needs, what good is it? 17 So also faith, if it does not have works, is dead being by itself. 18 But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith without works and I will show you faith by my works. 19 You believe that God is one; well and good. Even the demons believe that—and tremble with fear. 20 But would you like evidence, you empty fellow, that faith without works is useless? 21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar?⁠ 22 You see that his faith was working together with his works and his faith was perfected by works. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Now Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness,” and he was called God’s friend.⁠ 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone. 25 And similarly, was not Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she welcomed the messengers and sent them out by another way?⁠ 26 For just as the body without the spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Maccabees 2:52 and James 2:21

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

James follows an interpretive tradition used in 1 Maccabees to describe Abraham as faithful based on his works, with that faith being counted as righteousness. Both connect faith with action.

Passages

1 Maccabees 2:52

Deuterocanon
50 Now, my children, be zealous for the law, and give your lives for the covenant of your fathers. 51 Call to remembrance the deeds of our fathers which they did in their generations; and receive great glory and an everlasting name. 52 Wasn’t Abraham found faithful in temptation, and it was reckoned to him for righteousness? 53 Joseph in the time of his distress kept the commandment, and became lord of Egypt. 54 Phinehas our father, because he was exceedingly zealous, obtained the covenant of an everlasting priesthood. 55 Joshua became a judge in Israel for fulfilling the word.
134–63 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Maccabees

James 2:21

New Testament
19 You believe that God is one; well and good. Even the demons believe that—and tremble with fear. 20 But would you like evidence, you empty fellow, that faith without works is useless? 21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar? 22 You see that his faith was working together with his works and his faith was perfected by works. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Now Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness,” and he was called God’s friend. 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... As to the meaning of Genesis 15:6 presupposed in the Epistle, Abraham's faith in trial, modern scholars have noted the parallels for this notion in early sources, which indicate that this interpretation of the verse had been established centuries before the author of James, and was, in all probability, widely accepted in his day. Thus the author of I Maccabees, writing a century before the current era, paraphrased Genesis 15:6, 'Was not Abraham found faithful in trial, and it was accounted unto him for righteousness?' (2:52). Virtually the same phrase, 'and in trial he was found faithful', was employed by Ben Sira in a context worthy of note. In the following passage, Ben Sira links Abraham's faith in trial with a poetic paraphrase of Genesis 22:16-17, God's oath to Abraham following the Akedah, which suggests that he already associated Genesis 15:6 with the sacrificing of Isaac over two centuries before the author of James ..."
Irving Jacobs, “The Midrashic Background for James II. 21–3,” NTS 22.4 (1976): 457–464.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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  • Why is the fact, that 1 Maccabees 2 and James' use of it (plagiarizing of it as he does not reference 1 MAC 2? It matters Not when this interpretation was accepted, IT IS FACTUALLY INCORRECT, as the truth is told ONCE in Genesis 15, where God Declares Abram justified in a contract that did not imply ...

    Robert Duff Gordon, November 15, 2023

1 Maccabees 2:52 and James 2:21

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