Go to Related Reading
About this book

James

About this book
Chapter 2

1 My brothers and sisters, do not show prejudice if you possess faith in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ.⁠ 2 For if someone comes into your assembly wearing a gold ring and fine clothing, and a poor person enters in filthy clothes, 3 do you pay attention to the one who is finely dressed and say, “You sit here in a good place,” and to the poor person, “You stand over there,” or “Sit on the floor”? 4 If so, have you not made distinctions among yourselves and become judges with evil motives? 5 Listen, my dear brothers and sisters! Did not God choose the poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom that he promised to those who love him? 6 But you have dishonored the poor! Are not the rich oppressing you and dragging you into the courts? 7 Do they not blaspheme the good name of the one you belong to? 8 But if you fulfill the royal law as expressed in this scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well.⁠ 9 But if you show prejudice, you are committing sin and are convicted by the law as violators. 10 For the one who obeys the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it.⁠ 11 For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a violator of the law. 12 Speak and act as those who will be judged by a law that gives freedom.⁠ 13 For judgment is merciless for the one who has shown no mercy.⁠ But mercy triumphs over judgment.⁠ 14 What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but does not have works? Can this kind of faith save him? 15 If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacks daily food, 16 and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, keep warm and eat well,” but you do not give them what the body needs, what good is it? 17 So also faith, if it does not have works, is dead being by itself. 18 But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith without works and I will show you faith by my works. 19 You believe that God is one; well and good. Even the demons believe that—and tremble with fear. 20 But would you like evidence, you empty fellow, that faith without works is useless? 21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar?⁠ 22 You see that his faith was working together with his works and his faith was perfected by works. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Now Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness,” and he was called God’s friend.⁠ 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone. 25 And similarly, was not Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she welcomed the messengers and sent them out by another way?⁠ 26 For just as the body without the spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.

Texts in conversation

Compare 4 Maccabees 5:20 and James 2:10

Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry · New Testament

Share:

Summary

James reflects the same Jewish interpretive principle found in 4 Maccabees that violating the Torah in small or great matters is equally serious. Both view the Torah as an indivisible whole, and any single violation is the same as disobeying it all.

Passages

4 Maccabees 5:20

Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry
16 “Antiochus, we who have been persuaded to live by a divine law consider no compulsion more powerful than our obedience to the law. 17 So we consider it right not to break the law in any way. 18 Even if our law were not truly divine, as you suppose, and we only thought it divine, even then it would not be right for us to destroy our reputation for piety. 19 So don’t think that eating defiled food is a small sin. 20 For breaking the law in small matters is as serious as breaking it in great ones, 21 since in either case the law is treated with contempt in the same way. 22 You mock our philosophy, as if we lived by it without good reason. 23 But it teaches us self-control, so that we master all pleasures and desires, and it trains us in courage, so that we endure every hardship willingly.
19–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4 Maccabees

James 2:10

New Testament
8 But if you fulfill the royal law as expressed in this scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well. 9 But if you show prejudice, you are committing sin and are convicted by the law as violators. 10 For the one who obeys the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it. 11 For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a violator of the law. 12 Speak and act as those who will be judged by a law that gives freedom. 13 For judgment is merciless for the one who has shown no mercy. But mercy triumphs over judgment.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

References

"... Circumcision alone did not constitute being a Jew and circumcision as an initiatory rite for male proselytes was the end result of a long process of conversion and study. Furthermore, in most forms of Judaism during this period, the Law was perceived to be an indivisible whole. This is indicated by the Mishnah, which stresses that one must heed the light as well as the heavy commandments (Pirkei Avot 2:1; 4:2). Closer to Paul’s own time, the author of 4 Maccabees (5:20-21) proclaims that transgressions of the Law in either small or large things is equally indictable, since both demonstrate that the transgressor despises the Law. Finally, we might quote Sirach (7:3) who suggests that any sin renders one guilty of violating the Law, not just a law. Apparently, therefore, a person or community was not at liberty to pick and choose their practices, or discriminate about which legal regulations were binding – a sentiment shared by some Christians as well. Thus, we find that the author of the letter of James (2:10) decrees that “whoever keeps the whole Law, yet stumbles at one point is guilty of breaking all of it” (compare Matthew 5:18-19) ..."
Ian J Elmer, Paul, Jerusalem, and the Judaisers: The Galatian Crisis in Its Broadest Historical Context (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009), 159.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

4 Maccabees 5:20 and James 2:10

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library