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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 9

1 The gloom will be dispelled for those who were anxious. In earlier times he humiliated the land of Zebulun, and the land of Naphtali; but now he brings honor to the way of the sea, the region beyond the Jordan, and Galilee of the nations.⁠ 2 (9:1) The people walking in darkness see a bright light; light shines on those⁠ who live in a land of deep darkness.⁠ 3 You have enlarged the nation; you give them great joy. They rejoice in your presence as harvesters rejoice; as warriors celebrate when they divide up the plunder. 4 For their oppressive yoke and the club that strikes their shoulders, the cudgel the oppressor uses on them, you have shattered, as in the day of Midian’s defeat. 5 Indeed every boot that marches and shakes the earth and every garment dragged through blood is used as fuel for the fire. 6 For a child has been born to us, a son has been given to us. He shoulders responsibility and is called Wonderful Adviser, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.⁠ 7 His dominion will be vast, and he will bring immeasurable prosperity. He will rule on David’s throne and over David’s kingdom, establishing it and strengthening it by promoting justice and fairness, from this time forward and forevermore. The zeal of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will accomplish this. 8 The Lord decreed judgment on Jacob, and it fell on Israel. 9 All the people were aware of it, the people of Ephraim and those living in Samaria. Yet with pride and an arrogant attitude, they said, 10 “The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamore fig trees have been cut down, but we will replace them with cedars.”⁠ 11 Then the Lord provoked their adversaries to attack them, he stirred up their enemies— 12 Syria from the east, and the Philistines from the west; they gobbled up Israelite territory. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again. 13 The people did not return to the one who struck them, they did not seek reconciliation with the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 14 So the Lord cut off Israel’s head and tail, both the shoots and stalk in one day. 15 The leaders and the highly respected people are the head, the prophets who teach lies are the tail. 16 The leaders of this nation were misleading people, and the people being led were destroyed. 17 So the Lord was not pleased with their young men, he took no pity on their orphans and widows; for the whole nation was godless and did wicked things, every mouth was speaking disgraceful words. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again. 18 For evil burned like a fire, it consumed thorns and briers; it burned up the thickets of the forest, and they went up in smoke. 19 Because of the anger of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the land was scorched, and the people became fuel for the fire. People had no compassion on one another. 20 They devoured on the right, but were still hungry; they ate on the left, but were not satisfied. People even ate the flesh of their own arm! 21 Manasseh fought against Ephraim, and Ephraim against Manasseh; together they fought against Judah. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 9:2 and LXX Isaiah 9:1

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Isaiah 9 describes people who have already seen the light and rejoiced. The Greek Septuagint translation shifts to the future tense and speaks directly to the audience, rewriting it into a promise of what they will one day experience.

Passages

Isaiah 9:2

Hebrew Bible
1 The gloom will be dispelled for those who were anxious. In earlier times he humiliated the land of Zebulun, and the land of Naphtali; but now he brings honor to the way of the sea, the region beyond the Jordan, and Galilee of the nations. 2 (9:1) The people walking in darkness see a bright light; light shines on those who live in a land of deep darkness. 3 You have enlarged the nation; you give them great joy. They rejoice in your presence as harvesters rejoice; as warriors celebrate when they divide up the plunder.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

LXX Isaiah 9:1

Septuagint
1 people walking in darkness, see a great light: you that dwell in the region and shadow of death, a light shall shine upon you. 2 The multitude of the people which you have brought down in your joy, they shall even rejoice before you as they that rejoice in harvest, and as they that divide the captured goods.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

References

"... This verse exemplifies the imperativization and personalization that is common to LXX Isaiah. The reading tradition crystallized in the Masoretic text vocalizes our verb ... and the text is consistently descriptive in the third person. The Greek translator has read the initial verb ... and has converted the final prepositional phrase from the third to the second person plural. The outcome of these conversions is that the verse now addresses either the readers or the readers as proxy for some original group of hearers. It has been cut loose from its historical moorings and contemporized. One might well conclude that it has been moved in a homiletical direction ..."
David A. Baer, When We All Go Home: Translation and Theology in LXX Isaiah 56–66, JSOTSup 318 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 2001), 46–47.
"... unlike the Masoretic text, the tone in the whole pericope in its Greek form is future-oriented. This is displayed in the following Greek verbal phrases: “a light will shine” (verse 2); “they shall rejoice” (verse 3); “the yoke shall be taken away” (verse 4); “they will repay and they will desire” (verse 4); “I will bring peace” (verse 6). This chain of the aforementioned phrases in future tenses strongly suggests that the Isaiah translator anticipates an event still to come ..."
Abi T. Ngunga, Messianism in the Old Greek of Isaiah: An Intertextual Analysis, FRLANT 245 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013), 91.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 9:2 and LXX Isaiah 9:1

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