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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 8

1 The Lord told me, “Take a large tablet and inscribe these words on it with an ordinary stylus: ‘Maher Shalal Hash Baz.’ 2 Then I will summon as my reliable witnesses Uriah the priest and Zechariah son of Jeberekiah.” 3 I then approached the prophetess for marital relations; she conceived and gave birth to a son. The Lord told me, “Name him Maher Shalal Hash Baz, 4 for before the child knows how to cry out ‘My father’ or ‘My mother,’ the wealth of Damascus and the plunder of Samaria will be carried off by the king of Assyria.” 5 The Lord spoke to me again: 6 “These people have rejected the gently flowing waters of Shiloah and melt in fear over Rezin and the son of Remaliah. 7 So look, the Lord is bringing up against them the turbulent and mighty waters of the Euphrates River—the king of Assyria and all his majestic power. It will reach flood stage and overflow its banks.⁠ 8 It will spill into Judah, flooding and engulfing, as it reaches to the necks of its victims. He will spread his wings out over your entire land, O Immanuel.”⁠ 9 You will be broken, O nations; you will be shattered! Pay attention, all you distant lands of the earth. Get ready for battle, and you will be shattered! Get ready for battle, and you will be shattered! 10 Devise your strategy, but it will be thwarted. Issue your orders, but they will not be executed! For God is with us! 11 Indeed this is what the Lord told me quite forcefully. He warned me not to act like these people: 12 “Do not say, ‘Conspiracy,’ every time these people say the word. Don’t be afraid of what scares them; don’t be terrified. 13 You must recognize the authority of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. He is the one you must respect; he is the one you must fear. 14 He will become a sanctuary, but a stone that makes a person trip and a rock that makes one stumble—to⁠ the two houses of Israel. He will become a trap and a snare to the residents of Jerusalem. 15 Many will stumble over the stone and the rock, and will fall and be seriously injured, and will be ensnared and captured.” 16 Tie up the testimony32, seal the official record of God’s instructions,⁠ and give it to my followers.⁠ 17 I will wait patiently for the Lord, who has rejected the family of Jacob; I will wait for him. 18 Look, I and the sons whom the Lord has given me are reminders and object lessons in Israel, sent from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, who lives on Mount Zion. 19 They will say to you, “Seek oracles at the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, from the magicians who chirp and mutter incantations.⁠ Should people not seek oracles from their gods, by asking the dead about the destiny of the living?”⁠ 20 Then you must recall the Lord’s instructions and the prophetic testimony of what would happen. Certainly they say such things because their minds are spiritually darkened. 21 They will pass through the land destitute and starving. Their hunger will make them angry, and they will curse their king and their God as they look upward. 22 When one looks out over the land, he sees distress and darkness, gloom and anxiety, darkness and people forced from the land.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 8:19 and Luke 24:5 and Jonathan Isaiah 8:19

Hebrew Bible · New Testament · Targum

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Summary

Luke 24 and the Aramaic translation of Isaiah use similar language when referring to the dead. The similarity suggests both used an Aramaic tradition known in the first century, later preserved in the Targum when it was written.

Passages

Isaiah 8:19

Hebrew Bible
18 Look, I and the sons whom the Lord has given me are reminders and object lessons in Israel, sent from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, who lives on Mount Zion. 19 They will say to you, “Seek oracles at the pits used to conjure up underworld spirits, from the magicians who chirp and mutter incantations. Should people not seek oracles from their gods, by asking the dead about the destiny of the living?” 20 Then you must recall the Lord’s instructions and the prophetic testimony of what would happen. Certainly they say such things because their minds are spiritually darkened.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Luke 24:5

New Testament
4 While they were perplexed about this, suddenly two men stood beside them in dazzling attire. 5 The women were terribly frightened and bowed their faces to the ground, but the men said to them, “Why do you look for the living among the dead? 6 He is not here, but has been raised! Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee,
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

Jonathan Isaiah 8:19

Targum
18 While I live with the children whom the LORD has given me, the signs and wonders that are promised to come upon Israel will be established among us. But if they would see and repent, the decree He decreed against them would be annulled, that they should go into captivity and not appear before the LORD of hosts, whose Shekinah is in the mountain of Zion. 19 And when the nations among whom you will live say to you, “Consult the necromancers and the wizards who chirp and mutter” — is this not the way of the nations, the worshippers of idols? A people seeks from its idol, the living from the dead. 20 Thus you shall say to them, “We will listen to the Torah that has been given to us, and to the testimony.” Yet you will go into captivity among the nations, and they will speak to you according to this word. Now there is none among them who would search and seek after it.
200–300 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonathan Isaiah

References

"... The perspective of verses 8:19–9:1 is that of exile from Jerusalem: “Gentiles” invite Israel to serve idols, to “inquire of the living from the dead”; the verb rendered “inquire” may also be translated “seek,” which makes verse 19 reminiscent of Luke 24:5. Belated appeal will be made to the law; idolatry will belatedly be rejected (verses 20, 21), but the Gentiles will despise Israel as a people bereft of its god (verse 20). Their “distress” will be complete (verses 21–22), as complete as that of long ago, when the exodus, the crossing of Jordan, and the glorious possession of the promised land were forgotten (9:1) ..."
Bruce D. Chilton, The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes, ArBib 11 (Wilmington, DE: Michael Glazier, 1987), 21.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 8:19 and Luke 24:5 and Jonathan Isaiah 8:19

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