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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 7

1 During the reign of Ahaz son of Jotham, son of Uzziah, king of Judah, King Rezin of Syria and King Pekah son of Remaliah of Israel marched up to Jerusalem to do battle, but they were unable to prevail against it. 2 It was reported to the family of David, “Syria has allied with Ephraim.” They and their people were emotionally shaken, just as the trees of the forest shake before the wind. 3 So the Lord told Isaiah, “Go out with your son Shear Jashub and meet Ahaz at the end of the conduit of the upper pool that is located on the road to the field where they wash and dry cloth. 4 Tell him, ‘Make sure you stay calm! Don’t be afraid.⁠ Don’t be intimidated by these two stubs of smoking logs, or by the raging anger of Rezin, Syria, and the son of Remaliah. 5 Syria has plotted with Ephraim and the son of Remaliah to bring about your demise. 6 They say, “Let’s attack Judah, terrorize it, and conquer it. Then we’ll set up the son of Tabeel as its king.”⁠ 7 For this reason the Sovereign Lord says: “‘It will not take place; it will not happen. 8 For Syria’s leader is Damascus, and the leader of Damascus is Rezin. Within 65 years Ephraim will no longer exist as a nation. 9 Ephraim’s leader is Samaria, and Samaria’s leader is the son of Remaliah. If your faith does not remain firm, then you will not remain secure.’” 10 The Lord again spoke to Ahaz: 11 “Ask for a confirming sign from the Lord your God. You can even ask for something miraculous.” 12 But Ahaz responded, “I don’t want to ask; I don’t want to put the Lord to a test.”⁠ 13 So Isaiah replied, “Pay attention, family of David. Do you consider it too insignificant to try the patience of men? Is that why you are also trying the patience of my God? 14 For this reason the Lord himself will give you a confirming sign. Look, this young woman is pregnant and will give birth to a son.⁠ You, young woman, will name him Immanuel.⁠ 15 He will eat sour milk and honey, which will help him know how to reject evil and choose what is right.⁠ 16 Here is why this will be so: Before the child knows how to reject evil and choose what is right, the land whose two kings you fear will be desolate.⁠ 17 The Lord will bring on you, your people, and your father’s family a time unlike any since Ephraim departed from Judah—the king of Assyria!” 18 At that time the Lord will whistle for flies from the distant streams of Egypt and for bees from the land of Assyria. 19 All of them will come and make their home in the ravines between the cliffs and in the crevices of the cliffs, in all the thornbushes, and in all the watering holes. 20 At that time the Lord will use a razor hired from the banks of the Euphrates River, the king of Assyria, to shave the hair off the head and private parts; it will also shave off the beard. 21 At that time a man will keep alive a young cow from the herd and a couple of goats. 22 From the abundance of milk they produce, he will have sour milk for his meals. Indeed, everyone left in the heart of the land will eat sour milk and honey. 23 At that time every place where there had been 1,000 vines worth 1,000 silver shekels will be overrun with thorns and briers. 24 With bow and arrow people will hunt there, for the whole land will be covered with thorns and briers. 25 They will stay away from all the hills that were cultivated for fear of the thorns and briers. Cattle will graze there, and sheep will trample on them.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 6:16 and Isaiah 7:12

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy warns Israel not to test God, recalling the incident at Massah where doubt led to conflict. Isaiah echoes this when King Ahaz refuses to ask for a sign, saying he will not test God, connecting Israel’s past disobedience with the present.

Passages

Deuteronomy 6:16

Hebrew Bible
14 You must not go after other gods, those of the surrounding peoples, 15 for the Lord your God, who is present among you, is a jealous God—his anger will erupt against you and remove you from the land. 16 You must not put the Lord your God to the test as you did at Massah. 17 Keep his commandments very carefully, as well as the stipulations and statutes he commanded you to observe. 18 Do whatever is proper and good before the Lord so that it may go well with you and that you may enter and occupy the good land that he promised your ancestors,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Isaiah 7:12

Hebrew Bible
10 The Lord again spoke to Ahaz: 11 “Ask for a confirming sign from the Lord your God. You can even ask for something miraculous.” 12 But Ahaz responded, “I don’t want to ask; I don’t want to put the Lord to a test.” 13 So Isaiah replied, “Pay attention, family of David. Do you consider it too insignificant to try the patience of men? Is that why you are also trying the patience of my God? 14 For this reason the Lord himself will give you a confirming sign. Look, this young woman is pregnant and will give birth to a son. You, young woman, will name him Immanuel.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... Psalm 81:7 refers to the Massah and Meribah episode and reverses the roles of God and the people, ignoring Moses’s role. Psalm 106:32–33 also criticizes Moses’s role as leader, together with the people. The Israelites make God angry at Meribah but also entice Moses to say “words that were rash.” The Book of Deuteronomy includes several passages with the testing theme, which may even go back to traditions that are earlier than the Exodus passages. Nevertheless, they read like flashbacks to episodes in the wilderness narrated before in Exodus and Numbers. Moses’s instructions to the Israelites for the period in the Promised Land (Deuteronomy 6:4–8:20) include the commandment not to test God in the future and refers twice to the Massah and Meribah episode: “Do not put the Lord your God to the test, as you tested him at Massah” (compare Ahaz's implementation of this commandment in Isaiah 7:12) ..."
Silvia Castelli and Jan Willem van Henten, “Massah and Meribah Re-interpreted: Biblical Accounts, Judith, and Josephus,” in The Early Reception of the Torah, ed. Kristin De Troyer et al. (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2020), 19–48.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 6:16 and Isaiah 7:12

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