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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 66

1 This is what the Lord says: “The heavens are my throne and the earth is my footstool.⁠ Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I will rest? 2 My hand made them; that is how they came to be,” says the Lord. “I show special favor to the humble and contrite, who respect what I have to say.⁠ 3 The one who slaughters a bull also strikes down a man; the one who sacrifices a lamb also breaks a dog’s neck; the one who presents an offering includes pig’s blood with it; the one who offers incense also praises an idol. They have decided to behave this way; they enjoy these disgusting practices. 4 So I will choose severe punishment for them; I will bring on them what they dread because I called, and no one responded. I spoke and they did not listen. They did evil before me; they chose to do what displeases me.” 5 Listen to the Lord’s message, you who respect his word! “Your countrymen, who hate you and exclude you, supposedly for the sake of my name, say, ‘May the Lord be glorified, then we will witness your joy.’ But they will be put to shame.⁠ 6 The sound of battle comes from the city; the sound comes from the temple! It is the sound of the Lord paying back his enemies.⁠ 7 Before she goes into labor, she gives birth! Before her contractions begin, she delivers a boy! 8 Who has ever heard of such a thing? Who has ever seen this? Can a country be brought forth in one day? Can a nation be born in a single moment? Yet as soon as Zion goes into labor she gives birth to sons! 9 Do I bring a baby to the birth opening and then not deliver it?” asks the Lord. “Or do I bring a baby to the point of delivery and then hold it back?” asks your God.⁠ 10 “Be happy for Jerusalem and rejoice with her, all you who love her! Share in her great joy, all you who have mourned over her! 11 For you will nurse from her satisfying breasts and be nourished; you will feed with joy from her milk-filled breasts.” 12 For this is what the Lord says: “Look, I am ready to extend to her prosperity that will flow like a river, the riches of nations will flow into her like a stream that floods its banks. You will nurse from her breast and be carried at her side; you will play on her knees. 13 As a mother consoles a child, so I will console you, and you will be consoled over Jerusalem.”⁠ 14 When you see this, you will be happy, and your bones will sprout like grass25.⁠ The Lord will reveal his power to his servants and his anger to his enemies.⁠ 15 For look, the Lord comes with fire; his chariots come like a windstorm to reveal his raging anger, his battle cry, and his flaming arrows.⁠ 16 For the Lord judges all humanity with fire and his sword; the Lord will kill many. 17 “As for those who consecrate and ritually purify themselves so they can follow their leader and worship in the sacred orchards, those who eat the flesh of pigs and other disgusting creatures, like mice—they will all be destroyed together,” says the Lord. 18 “I hate their deeds and thoughts! So I am coming to gather all the nations and ethnic groups; they will come and witness my splendor. 19 I will perform a mighty act among them and then send some of those who remain to the nations—to Tarshish, Pul, Lud (known for its archers), Tubal, Javan, and to the distant coastlands that have not heard about me or seen my splendor. They will tell the nations of my splendor. 20 They will bring back all your countrymen from all the nations as an offering to the Lord. They will bring them on horses, in chariots,⁠ in wagons, on mules, and on camels to my holy hill Jerusalem,” says the Lord, “just as the Israelites bring offerings to the Lord’s temple in ritually pure containers. 21 And I will choose some of them as priests and Levites,” says the Lord. 22 “For just as the new heavens and the new earth I am about to make will remain standing before me,” says the Lord, “so your descendants and your name will remain. 23 From one month to the next and from one Sabbath to the next, all people will come to worship me,” says the Lord.⁠ 24 “They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me,⁠ for the maggots that eat them will not die, and the fire that consumes them will not die out.⁠ All people will find the sight abhorrent.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 66:24 and Zechariah 14:16

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 66 and Zechariah 14 imagine all nations coming to Jerusalem to worship God. Zechariah pictures yearly pilgrimages for the festival of Booths and Isaiah goes further, describing ongoing worship by all people shaped by the Torah.

Passages

Isaiah 66:24

Hebrew Bible
22 “For just as the new heavens and the new earth I am about to make will remain standing before me,” says the Lord, “so your descendants and your name will remain. 23 From one month to the next and from one Sabbath to the next, all people will come to worship me,” says the Lord. 24 “They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me, for the maggots that eat them will not die, and the fire that consumes them will not die out. All people will find the sight abhorrent.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Zechariah 14:16

Hebrew Bible
15 This is the kind of plague that will devastate horses, mules, camels, donkeys, and all the other animals in those camps. 16 Then all who survive from all the nations that came to attack Jerusalem will go up annually to worship the King, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, and to observe the Feast of Shelters. 17 But if any of the nations anywhere on earth refuse to go up to Jerusalem to worship the King, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, they will get no rain. 18 If the Egyptians will not do so, they will get no rain—instead there will be the kind of plague that the Lord inflicts on any nations that do not go up to celebrate the Feast of Shelters.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Zechariah 14:16 and Isaiah 66:23 are connected by several verbal similarities: ('and it will happen') introduces both of them; ('year after year') in Zechariah, ('new moon after new moon and sabbath after sabbath') in Isaiah; ('in order to worship') in both. The following verse in Isaiah, verse 24, is connected with Zechariah 14:12 by a thematic similarity, the punishment of the sinners in Isaiah and that of the soldiers who have fought against Jerusalem in Zechariah. This punishment is described in a most distasteful manner: 'Their flesh shall rot while they are still on their feet; their eyes shall rot in their sockets, and their tongues shall rot in their mouths'. Trito-Isaiah's assertion, 'their worm shall not die', appears to be an allusion to the drastic imagery in Zechariah. Claus Westermann notes that the intention in Isaiah 66:23 appears to go even further than Zechariah, since in Zechariah the survivors of the judgment of the nations come up to Jerusalem year by year, but in Isaiah 'all flesh' will worship Yahweh every new moon and sabbath ... Again, Isaiah is dependent on Zechariah ..."
Risto Nurmela, “The Growth of the Book of Isaiah Illustrated by Allusions in Zechariah,” in Bringing Out the Treasure: Inner Biblical Allusion in Zechariah 9–14, ed. Mark J. Boda and Michael H. Floyd, JSOTSup 370 (London: Sheffield Academic, 2003), 257–258.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 66:24 and Zechariah 14:16

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