Go to Related Reading
About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 66

1 This is what the Lord says: “The heavens are my throne and the earth is my footstool.⁠ Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I will rest? 2 My hand made them; that is how they came to be,” says the Lord. “I show special favor to the humble and contrite, who respect what I have to say.⁠ 3 The one who slaughters a bull also strikes down a man; the one who sacrifices a lamb also breaks a dog’s neck; the one who presents an offering includes pig’s blood with it; the one who offers incense also praises an idol. They have decided to behave this way; they enjoy these disgusting practices. 4 So I will choose severe punishment for them; I will bring on them what they dread because I called, and no one responded. I spoke and they did not listen. They did evil before me; they chose to do what displeases me.” 5 Listen to the Lord’s message, you who respect his word! “Your countrymen, who hate you and exclude you, supposedly for the sake of my name, say, ‘May the Lord be glorified, then we will witness your joy.’ But they will be put to shame.⁠ 6 The sound of battle comes from the city; the sound comes from the temple! It is the sound of the Lord paying back his enemies.⁠ 7 Before she goes into labor, she gives birth! Before her contractions begin, she delivers a boy! 8 Who has ever heard of such a thing? Who has ever seen this? Can a country be brought forth in one day? Can a nation be born in a single moment? Yet as soon as Zion goes into labor she gives birth to sons! 9 Do I bring a baby to the birth opening and then not deliver it?” asks the Lord. “Or do I bring a baby to the point of delivery and then hold it back?” asks your God.⁠ 10 “Be happy for Jerusalem and rejoice with her, all you who love her! Share in her great joy, all you who have mourned over her! 11 For you will nurse from her satisfying breasts and be nourished; you will feed with joy from her milk-filled breasts.” 12 For this is what the Lord says: “Look, I am ready to extend to her prosperity that will flow like a river, the riches of nations will flow into her like a stream that floods its banks. You will nurse from her breast and be carried at her side; you will play on her knees. 13 As a mother consoles a child, so I will console you, and you will be consoled over Jerusalem.”⁠ 14 When you see this, you will be happy, and your bones will sprout like grass25.⁠ The Lord will reveal his power to his servants and his anger to his enemies.⁠ 15 For look, the Lord comes with fire; his chariots come like a windstorm to reveal his raging anger, his battle cry, and his flaming arrows.⁠ 16 For the Lord judges all humanity with fire and his sword; the Lord will kill many. 17 “As for those who consecrate and ritually purify themselves so they can follow their leader and worship in the sacred orchards, those who eat the flesh of pigs and other disgusting creatures, like mice—they will all be destroyed together,” says the Lord. 18 “I hate their deeds and thoughts! So I am coming to gather all the nations and ethnic groups; they will come and witness my splendor. 19 I will perform a mighty act among them and then send some of those who remain to the nations—to Tarshish, Pul, Lud (known for its archers), Tubal, Javan, and to the distant coastlands that have not heard about me or seen my splendor. They will tell the nations of my splendor. 20 They will bring back all your countrymen from all the nations as an offering to the Lord. They will bring them on horses, in chariots,⁠ in wagons, on mules, and on camels to my holy hill Jerusalem,” says the Lord, “just as the Israelites bring offerings to the Lord’s temple in ritually pure containers. 21 And I will choose some of them as priests and Levites,” says the Lord. 22 “For just as the new heavens and the new earth I am about to make will remain standing before me,” says the Lord, “so your descendants and your name will remain. 23 From one month to the next and from one Sabbath to the next, all people will come to worship me,” says the Lord.⁠ 24 “They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me,⁠ for the maggots that eat them will not die, and the fire that consumes them will not die out.⁠ All people will find the sight abhorrent.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 66:20 and 1 Enoch 57:1

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

Share:

Summary

In Isaiah 66, the foreign nations bring exiled Israelites home in chariots as an offering to God. 1 Enoc draws on that image, describing the returning exiles traveling in chariots, arriving on the winds from every direction.

Passages

Isaiah 66:20

Hebrew Bible
19 I will perform a mighty act among them and then send some of those who remain to the nations—to Tarshish, Pul, Lud (known for its archers), Tubal, Javan, and to the distant coastlands that have not heard about me or seen my splendor. They will tell the nations of my splendor. 20 They will bring back all your countrymen from all the nations as an offering to the Lord. They will bring them on horses, in chariots, in wagons, on mules, and on camels to my holy hill Jerusalem,” says the Lord, “just as the Israelites bring offerings to the Lord’s temple in ritually pure containers. 21 And I will choose some of them as priests and Levites,” says the Lord.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

1 Enoch 57:1

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And it happened after that, I saw another group of chariots, with men riding them, arriving on the winds from the east, the west, and the south. 2 The sound of their chariots was heard, and when this disturbance occurred, the holy ones from heaven took notice, and the foundations of the earth shifted from their places, and the noise was heard from one end of the sky to the other, all in one day. 3 And everyone will fall down and worship the Lord of Spirits. And this marks the end of the second Parable.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

... Different from 56:5-8, which is given as a straightforward prediction, the contents of these verses are recounted as something that Enoch “saw” (verse 1). Unfortunately, there is no account of an interpreting angel explaining the less-than-clear vision, and we are left to choose among three possible interpretations of the chapter. (1) A majority of commentators see here a description of the return of the Israelite dispersion. (2) A few others understand it to refer to the arrival of another hostile army. (3) This may reflect prophetic predictions that the gentiles will flow to Jerusalem to pay tribute to the God of Israel. That the people riding in a host of chariots represent the returning Israelite dispersion is taken for granted by commentators who espouse the first interpretation. This is understandable, since such a return is a common topic in biblical and in later Jewish literature and this time. See, for example, Isaiah 27:12-13; 49:12; 60:4-9; 66:19-20; Zechariah 8:7-8; Tobit 13:9-18; 14:5; Baruch 4:21-5:9; Psalms of Solomon 8:28 (34); 11; 4 Ezra 13:39-50. ...
George W. E. Nickelsburg, A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 37-82 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012), 213.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Isaiah 66:20 and 1 Enoch 57:1

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library