Go to Related Reading
About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 66

1 This is what the Lord says: “The heavens are my throne and the earth is my footstool.⁠ Where then is the house you will build for me? Where is the place where I will rest? 2 My hand made them; that is how they came to be,” says the Lord. “I show special favor to the humble and contrite, who respect what I have to say.⁠ 3 The one who slaughters a bull also strikes down a man; the one who sacrifices a lamb also breaks a dog’s neck; the one who presents an offering includes pig’s blood with it; the one who offers incense also praises an idol. They have decided to behave this way; they enjoy these disgusting practices. 4 So I will choose severe punishment for them; I will bring on them what they dread because I called, and no one responded. I spoke and they did not listen. They did evil before me; they chose to do what displeases me.” 5 Listen to the Lord’s message, you who respect his word! “Your countrymen, who hate you and exclude you, supposedly for the sake of my name, say, ‘May the Lord be glorified, then we will witness your joy.’ But they will be put to shame.⁠ 6 The sound of battle comes from the city; the sound comes from the temple! It is the sound of the Lord paying back his enemies.⁠ 7 Before she goes into labor, she gives birth! Before her contractions begin, she delivers a boy! 8 Who has ever heard of such a thing? Who has ever seen this? Can a country be brought forth in one day? Can a nation be born in a single moment? Yet as soon as Zion goes into labor she gives birth to sons! 9 Do I bring a baby to the birth opening and then not deliver it?” asks the Lord. “Or do I bring a baby to the point of delivery and then hold it back?” asks your God.⁠ 10 “Be happy for Jerusalem and rejoice with her, all you who love her! Share in her great joy, all you who have mourned over her! 11 For you will nurse from her satisfying breasts and be nourished; you will feed with joy from her milk-filled breasts.” 12 For this is what the Lord says: “Look, I am ready to extend to her prosperity that will flow like a river, the riches of nations will flow into her like a stream that floods its banks. You will nurse from her breast and be carried at her side; you will play on her knees. 13 As a mother consoles a child, so I will console you, and you will be consoled over Jerusalem.”⁠ 14 When you see this, you will be happy, and your bones will sprout like grass25.⁠ The Lord will reveal his power to his servants and his anger to his enemies.⁠ 15 For look, the Lord comes with fire; his chariots come like a windstorm to reveal his raging anger, his battle cry, and his flaming arrows.⁠ 16 For the Lord judges all humanity with fire and his sword; the Lord will kill many. 17 “As for those who consecrate and ritually purify themselves so they can follow their leader and worship in the sacred orchards, those who eat the flesh of pigs and other disgusting creatures, like mice—they will all be destroyed together,” says the Lord. 18 “I hate their deeds and thoughts! So I am coming to gather all the nations and ethnic groups; they will come and witness my splendor. 19 I will perform a mighty act among them and then send some of those who remain to the nations—to Tarshish, Pul, Lud (known for its archers), Tubal, Javan, and to the distant coastlands that have not heard about me or seen my splendor. They will tell the nations of my splendor. 20 They will bring back all your countrymen from all the nations as an offering to the Lord. They will bring them on horses, in chariots,⁠ in wagons, on mules, and on camels to my holy hill Jerusalem,” says the Lord, “just as the Israelites bring offerings to the Lord’s temple in ritually pure containers. 21 And I will choose some of them as priests and Levites,” says the Lord. 22 “For just as the new heavens and the new earth I am about to make will remain standing before me,” says the Lord, “so your descendants and your name will remain. 23 From one month to the next and from one Sabbath to the next, all people will come to worship me,” says the Lord.⁠ 24 “They will go out and observe the corpses of those who rebelled against me,⁠ for the maggots that eat them will not die, and the fire that consumes them will not die out.⁠ All people will find the sight abhorrent.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 66:15 and 2 Thessalonians 1:8

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

Share:

Summary

In Isaiah, fire represents God’s arrival to judge the nations and restore Jerusalem at the end of the exile. 2 Thessalonians builds on this image, turning Isaiah’s vision of God defending Israel into universal judgment at the end of the age.

Passages

Isaiah 66:15

Hebrew Bible
12 For this is what the Lord says: “Look, I am ready to extend to her prosperity that will flow like a river, the riches of nations will flow into her like a stream that floods its banks. You will nurse from her breast and be carried at her side; you will play on her knees. 13 As a mother consoles a child, so I will console you, and you will be consoled over Jerusalem.” 14 When you see this, you will be happy, and your bones will sprout like grass25. The Lord will reveal his power to his servants and his anger to his enemies. 15 For look, the Lord comes with fire; his chariots come like a windstorm to reveal his raging anger, his battle cry, and his flaming arrows. 16 For the Lord judges all humanity with fire and his sword; the Lord will kill many. 17 “As for those who consecrate and ritually purify themselves so they can follow their leader and worship in the sacred orchards, those who eat the flesh of pigs and other disgusting creatures, like mice—they will all be destroyed together,” says the Lord.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

2 Thessalonians 1:8

New Testament
5 This is evidence of God’s righteous judgment, to make you worthy of the kingdom of God, for which in fact you are suffering. 6 For it is right for God to repay with affliction those who afflict you, 7 and to you who are being afflicted to give rest together with us when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with his mighty angels. 8 With flaming fire he will mete out punishment on those who do not know God and do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus. 9 They will undergo the penalty of eternal destruction, away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his strength, 10 when he comes to be glorified among his saints and admired on that day among all who have believed—and you did in fact believe our testimony. 11 And in this regard we pray for you always, that our God will make you worthy of his calling and fulfill by his power your every desire for goodness and every work of faith, 12 that the name of our Lord Jesus may be glorified in you, and you in him, according to the grace of our God and the Lord Jesus Christ.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Thessalonians

References

"... the final (and decisive) allusion to Isaiah 66 can be found a bit later - and, again, the intertext can help us for a proper understanding of the passage in 2 Thessalonians: it is very difficult to determine the exact syntactical function of the phrase at the beginning of verse 8. Usually this words in the critical editions are connected to the passage before and seen as a further illustration of the 'revelation of the Lord Jesus' described in verse 7. In this case the text intends to say that the "revelation of the Lord Jesus" is going out from heaven, that he comes with the angels of his power and it takes place in a flame of fire ... While the words appear, for example, in Exodus 2:3 in the contexts of God's revelation in the burning bush, and while texts like the Revelation of Peter 5 connect parousia and the burning of the world, an intertextual connection to Isaiah 66:15 can help us to interpret the image in another way ... If we take our sub-text seriously, the parallel between 2 Thessalonians 1:8 and Isaiah 66:15 is not on the level of the Lord's coming 'in fire,' but on the idea that his judgement will take place in 'the flame of fire' - that's why the critical editions' comma should be deleted ..."
Tobias Nicklas, Intertextuality—Christology—Pseudepigraphy: The Impact of Old Testament Allusions in 2 Thess 1:5–12 (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 227–238.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Isaiah 66:15 and 2 Thessalonians 1:8

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library