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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 59

1 Look, the Lord’s hand is not too weak to deliver you; his ear is not too deaf to hear you. 2 But your sinful acts have alienated you from your God; your sins have caused him to reject you and not listen to your prayers.⁠ 3 For your hands are stained with blood⁠ and your fingers with sin; your lips speak lies, your tongue utters malicious words. 4 No one is concerned about justice; no one sets forth his case truthfully. They depend on false words and tell lies; they conceive of oppression and give birth to sin. 5 They hatch the eggs of a poisonous snake and spin a spider’s web. Whoever eats their eggs will die, a poisonous snake is hatched. 6 Their webs cannot be used for clothing; they cannot cover themselves with what they make. Their deeds are sinful; they commit violent crimes. 7 They are eager to do evil, quick to shed innocent blood.⁠ Their thoughts are sinful; they crush and destroy. 8 They are unfamiliar with peace; their deeds are unjust. They use deceitful methods, and whoever deals with them is unfamiliar with peace. 9 For this reason deliverance is far from us and salvation does not reach us. We wait for light, but see only darkness; we wait for a bright light, but live in deep darkness.⁠ 10 We grope along the wall like the blind, we grope like those who cannot see; we stumble at noontime as if it were evening. Though others are strong, we are like dead men. 11 We all growl like bears, we coo mournfully like doves; we wait for deliverance, but there is none, for salvation, but it is far from us. 12 For you are aware of our many rebellious deeds, and our sins testify against us; indeed, we are aware of our rebellious deeds; we know our sins all too well. 13 We have rebelled and tried to deceive the Lord;⁠ we turned back from following our God. We stir up oppression and rebellion; we tell lies we concocted in our minds. 14 Justice is driven back; godliness stands far off. Indeed, honesty stumbles in the city square and morality is not even able to enter. 15 Honesty has disappeared; the one who tries to avoid evil is robbed. The Lord watches and is displeased, for there is no justice. 16 He sees there is no advocate; he is shocked that no one intervenes. So he takes matters into his own hands; his desire for justice drives him on. 17 He wears his desire for justice like body armor, and his desire to deliver is like a helmet on his head. He puts on the garments of vengeance and wears zeal like a robe.⁠ 18 He repays them for what they have done, dispensing angry judgment to his adversaries and punishing his enemies. He repays the coastlands.⁠ 19 In the west, people respect the Lord’s reputation; in the east they recognize his splendor. For he comes like a rushing stream driven on by wind sent from the Lord. 20 “A protector comes to Zion, to those in Jacob who repent of their rebellious deeds,”⁠ says the Lord. 21 “As for me, this is my promise to them,” says the Lord. “My Spirit, who is upon you, and my words, which I have placed in your mouth, will not depart from your mouth or from the mouths of your children and descendants from this time forward,” says the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 59:3 and 4Q184 1:3

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction

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Summary

Isaiah describes sinners through their bloodstained hands and deceitful speech. In 4Q184 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, similar descriptions of body parts belong to one wicked woman who leads others into sin.

Passages

Isaiah 59:3

Hebrew Bible
3 For your hands are stained with blood and your fingers with sin; your lips speak lies, your tongue utters malicious words. 4 No one is concerned about justice; no one sets forth his case truthfully. They depend on false words and tell lies; they conceive of oppression and give birth to sin. 5 They hatch the eggs of a poisonous snake and spin a spider’s web. Whoever eats their eggs will die, a poisonous snake is hatched. 6 Their webs cannot be used for clothing; they cannot cover themselves with what they make. Their deeds are sinful; they commit violent crimes. 7 They are eager to do evil, quick to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are sinful; they crush and destroy.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

4Q184 1:3

Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction · The Seductress
1 [From her mouth] she brings out emptiness, and in […] worthlessness. She seeks errors always, [and with her tongue] she sharpens her words. [With mockery] 2 and scorn she speaks smoothly, to deride altogether with lips of iniquity. Her heart sets up recklessness, and her inward parts are snares [of the pit. Her palms] 3 are defiled with iniquity; her hands grasp the pit. Her feet go down to do wickedness and to walk in guilt […] 4 foundations of darkness; a multitude of transgressions is in her skirts. … the gloom of night, and her clothing […]
100–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q184

References

“... Pace Davies, however, 4Q184 is not one of these texts. Far from a sectarian reuse of lan- guage borrowed from Proverbs, 4Q184 1 is work of extremely careful interpretation that attempts to reconcile divergent ideologies found in two apparently authoritative texts: Proverbs 1–9 and Isaiah, especially chapter 59. The interpreter harmonized these texts, both the connections and the differences, to form a single character. This interpretation answers a question that looms large in many central sectarian texts—why the righteous sin—in the form of a character found in many sectarian texts, a demon. What makes 4Q184 so important is not only the answer itself, the character, but how it gets formed through the harmonization of ideologically contradictory scriptural texts. [...] While the terms in 4Q184 undoubtedly allude to the slippery-tongued character in Prov- erbs, the body parts also appear to reflect Isa 59, adding to the character deceit, defilement, and legs moving to commit evil. ...”
Michael J. Lesley, “Exegetical Wiles: 4Q184 as Scriptural Interpretation,” in The Scrolls and Biblical Traditions: Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting of the IOQS in Helsinki, ed. George J. Brooke, Daniel K. Falk, Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, and Molly M. Zahn (Leiden: Brill, 2012), MS 3, 7.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 59:3 and 4Q184 1:3

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