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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 57

1 The godly perish, but no one cares. Honest people disappear, when no one minds that the godly disappear because of evil.⁠ 2 Those who live uprightly enter a place of peace; they rest on their beds.⁠ 3 “But approach, you sons of omen readers, you offspring of adulteresses and prostitutes! 4 At whom are you laughing? At whom are you opening your mouth and sticking out your tongue? You are the children of rebels, the offspring of liars, 5 you who inflame your lusts among the oaks and under every green tree, who slaughter children near the streams under the rocky overhangs. 6 Among the smooth stones of the stream are the idols you love; they, they are the object of your devotion. You pour out liquid offerings to them, you make an offering. Because of these things how can I relent from judgment? 7 On every high, elevated hill you prepare your bed; you go up there to offer sacrifices. 8 Behind the door and doorpost you put your symbols.⁠ Indeed, you depart from me and go up and invite them into bed with you. You purchase favors from them; you love their bed, and gaze longingly on their naked bodies.⁠ 9 You take olive oil as tribute to your king, along with many perfumes. You send your messengers to a distant place; you go all the way to Sheol. 10 Because of the long distance you must travel, you get tired, but you do not say, ‘I give up.’ You get renewed energy, so you don’t collapse. 11 Whom are you worried about? Whom do you fear, that you would act so deceitfully and not remember me or think about me? Because I have been silent for so long, you are not afraid of me. 12 I will denounce your so-called righteousness and your deeds, but they will not help you. 13 When you cry out for help, let your idols help you! The wind blows them all away, a breeze carries them away. But the one who looks to me for help will inherit the land and will have access to my holy mountain.” 14 He says, “Build it! Build it! Clear a way! Remove all the obstacles out of the way of my people!” 15 For this is what the high and exalted one says, the one who rules forever,⁠ whose name is holy: “I dwell in an exalted and holy place, but also with the discouraged and humiliated,⁠ in order to cheer up the humiliated and to encourage the discouraged.⁠ 16 For I will not be hostile forever or perpetually angry, for then man’s spirit would grow faint before me, the life-giving breath I created. 17 I was angry because of their sinful greed;⁠ I attacked them and angrily rejected them, yet they remained disobedient and stubborn. 18 I have seen their behavior, but I will heal them. I will lead them, and I will provide comfort to them and those who mourn with them.⁠ 19 I am the one who gives them reason to celebrate. Complete prosperity is available both to those who are far away and those who are nearby,”⁠ says the Lord, “and I will heal them. 20 But the wicked are like a surging sea that is unable to be quiet; its waves toss up mud and sand.⁠ 21 There will be no prosperity, ” says my God, “for the wicked.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 57:20 and Jude 1:13

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Jude describes his opponents as wild waves foaming with shame, using language similar to Isaiah 57 where the unrighteous are compared to a restless sea that stirs up debris, connecting Jude with Jewish interpretive traditions.

Passages

Isaiah 57:20

Hebrew Bible
18 I have seen their behavior, but I will heal them. I will lead them, and I will provide comfort to them and those who mourn with them. 19 I am the one who gives them reason to celebrate. Complete prosperity is available both to those who are far away and those who are nearby,” says the Lord, “and I will heal them. 20 But the wicked are like a surging sea that is unable to be quiet; its waves toss up mud and sand. 21 There will be no prosperity, ” says my God, “for the wicked.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Jude 1:13

New Testament
11 Woe to them! For they have traveled down Cain’s path, and because of greed have abandoned themselves to Balaam’s error; hence, they will certainly perish in Korah’s rebellion. 12 These men are dangerous reefs at your love feasts, feasting without reverence, feeding only themselves. They are waterless clouds, carried along by the winds; autumn trees without fruit—twice dead, uprooted; 13 wild sea waves, spewing out the foam of their shame; wayward stars for whom the utter depths of eternal darkness have been reserved. 14 Now Enoch, the seventh in descent beginning with Adam, even prophesied of them, saying, “Look! The Lord is coming with thousands and thousands of his holy ones, 15 to execute judgment on all, and to convict every person of all their thoroughly ungodly deeds that they have committed, and of all the harsh words that ungodly sinners have spoken against him.”
60–80 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jude

References

"... The third illustration shifts to the bad effects these false teachers have rather than the good effects they do not have. They are like a wave that brings seaweed and garbage up on the shore (Isaiah 57:20). The metaphor breaks down with aischynas: they are foaming with shameful deeds, the overflow of their evil character. They are also like wandering stars (1 Enoch 18:13-16; 21:1-6: 88:1-3) which is a likely reference to planets that appear to wander from their course or to comets or meteors that manifest an apparently erratic course. 'Wandering stars' may be an allusion to fallen angels, who are closely associated with the stars in Jewish tradition. In any case, God has reserved for them the gloom of eternal darkness, in contrast to the earlier eternal fire (Tobit 14:10; 1 Enoch 63:6). Clearly the author intends this as a metaphorical description of life without God forever, not a literal description of what hell is like (it cannot be both utterly dark and utterly light forever). The teachers are thus accused of disorderly, useless and harmful conduct, of acting like irrational and amoral animals. 1 Enoch 80:6 describes all of nature becoming disorderly and lawless just before the eschatological end of things. And the fate of such star beings is utter and outer darkness (1 Enoch 18, 20). The rhetorical intent and effect of this colorful language was to create a negative emotional response, to create pathos, this case appealing to one's sense of fear and horror at betrayal and shameful behavior. The six metaphors of verses 12-13 provide a powerful series of mental images and associations which seriously diminish the ethos of the sectarians especially with regard to their leadership and teaching roles ..."
Ben Witherington, Letters and Homilies for Jewish Christians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on Hebrews, James and Jude (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2010), 622.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 57:20 and Jude 1:13

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