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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 51

1 “Listen to me, you who pursue godliness, who seek the Lord. Look at the rock from which you were chiseled, at the quarry from which you were dug. 2 Look at Abraham, your father, and Sarah, who gave you birth. When I summoned him, he was a lone individual, but I blessed him and gave him numerous descendants.⁠ 3 Certainly the Lord will console Zion; he will console all her ruins. He will make her wilderness like Eden, her arid rift valley like the garden of the Lord. Happiness and joy will be restored to her, thanksgiving and the sound of music.⁠ 4 Pay attention to me, my people. Listen to me, my people! For I will issue a decree, I will make my justice a light to the nations.⁠ 5 I am ready to vindicate, I am ready to deliver, I will establish justice among the nations. The coastlands wait patiently for me; they wait in anticipation for the revelation of my power. 6 Look up at the sky. Look at the earth below.⁠ For the sky will dissipate like smoke, and the earth will wear out like clothes;⁠ its residents will die like gnats. But the deliverance I give is permanent; the vindication I provide will not disappear. 7 Listen to me, you who know what is right, you people who have my law in their heart.22⁠ Don’t be afraid of the insults of men; don’t be discouraged because of their abuse. 8 For a moth will eat away at them like clothes; a clothes moth will devour them like wool. But the vindication I provide will be permanent; the deliverance I give will last.” 9 Wake up! Wake up! Clothe yourself with strength, O arm of the Lord!⁠ Wake up as in former times, as in antiquity.⁠ Did you not smash Rahab?26 Did you not wound the sea monster?⁠ 10 Did you not dry up the sea, the waters of the great deep? Did you not make a path through the depths of the sea, so those delivered from bondage could cross over? 11 Those whom the Lord has ransomed will return; they will enter Zion with a happy shout. Unending joy will crown them, happiness and joy will overwhelm them; grief and suffering will disappear. 12 “I, I am the one who consoles you. Why are you afraid of mortal men, of mere human beings who are as short-lived as grass? 13 Why do you forget the Lord, who made you, who stretched out the sky and founded the earth?⁠ Why do you constantly tremble all day long at the anger of the oppressor, when he makes plans to destroy? Where is the anger of the oppressor? 14 The one who suffers will soon be released; he will not die in prison, he will not go hungry. 15 I am the Lord your God, who churns up the sea so that its waves surge. The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is his name! 16 “I commission you as my spokesman; I cover you with the palm of my hand to establish the sky and to found the earth, to say to Zion, ‘You are my people.’”⁠ 17 Wake up! Wake up! Get up, O Jerusalem! You drank from the cup the Lord passed to you, which was full of his anger. You drained dry the goblet full of intoxicating wine.⁠ 18 There was no one to lead her among all the children she bore; there was no one to take her by the hand among all the children she raised. 19 These double disasters confronted you. But who feels sorry for you? Destruction and devastation, famine and sword. But who consoles you? 20 Your children faint; they lie at the head of every street like an antelope in a snare. They are left in a stupor by the Lord’s anger, by the battle cry of your God. 21 So listen to this, oppressed one, who is drunk, but not from wine. 22 This is what your Sovereign Lord, even your God who judges his people says: “Look, I have removed from your hand the cup of intoxicating wine, the goblet full of my anger. You will no longer have to drink it.⁠ 23 I will put it into the hand of your tormentors who said to you, ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you.’⁠ You made your back like the ground and like the street for those who walked over you.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 51:6 and LXX Isaiah 51:6

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Isaiah 51 says the heavens will vanish like smoke. The Greek Septuagint reverses this, saying heaven was established like smoke, preserving creation rather than predicting its destruction.

Passages

Isaiah 51:6

Hebrew Bible
5 I am ready to vindicate, I am ready to deliver, I will establish justice among the nations. The coastlands wait patiently for me; they wait in anticipation for the revelation of my power. 6 Look up at the sky. Look at the earth below. For the sky will dissipate like smoke, and the earth will wear out like clothes; its residents will die like gnats. But the deliverance I give is permanent; the vindication I provide will not disappear. 7 Listen to me, you who know what is right, you people who have my law in their heart.22 Don’t be afraid of the insults of men; don’t be discouraged because of their abuse.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

LXX Isaiah 51:6

Septuagint
5 My righteousness speedily draws near, and my salvation shall go forth as light, and on my arm shall the Gentiles trust: the isles shall wait for me, and on my arm they will trust. 6 Lift up your eyes to the sky, and look on the earth beneath: for the sky was made firm like smoke, and the earth shall grow old like a garment, and the inhabitants shall die in like manner: but my salvation shall be for ever, and my righteousness shall not fail. 7 Hear me, you that know judgment, my people in whose heart is my law: do not fear the reproach of men, and do not be overcome by their contempt.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

References

"... The Septuagint, by contrast, may not be equally pessimistic about the fate of the heavens. The explanation that I have been developing, which seeks to explain the considerable Septuagint deviations in terms of conscious manipulation of the text, may be supported by a similar move at Isaiah 51.6. In the Masoretic Text passage that groups the heavens and the earth together with human beings as perishable goods, over against the Lord’s salvation and righteousness, which will be eternal... The translator appears to have substituted a creative word for the difficult verb מלח, which may refer to the tearing apart or dissipation of the heavens. Thus, he has converted the destruction and disappearance of the heavens into their confirmation, strengthening, or solidification. This is apparent in his use — unique in the Septuagint — of στερεοῦν for God’s creative spreading out of the heavens in 45.12 and 48.13. It is possible that the translator, faced with a rare verb that was unknown to him, has simply reverted to vocabulary familiar to him with reference to the heavens. However, such an inadvertence seems unlikely in view of the complete reversal of the Masoretic Text meaning that his translation effects. ..."
David A. Baer, When We All Go Home: Translation and Theology in LXX Isaiah 56–66, JSOTSup 318 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic, 2001), 186–187.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 51:6 and LXX Isaiah 51:6

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