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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 51

1 “Listen to me, you who pursue godliness, who seek the Lord. Look at the rock from which you were chiseled, at the quarry from which you were dug. 2 Look at Abraham, your father, and Sarah, who gave you birth. When I summoned him, he was a lone individual, but I blessed him and gave him numerous descendants.⁠ 3 Certainly the Lord will console Zion; he will console all her ruins. He will make her wilderness like Eden, her arid rift valley like the garden of the Lord. Happiness and joy will be restored to her, thanksgiving and the sound of music.⁠ 4 Pay attention to me, my people. Listen to me, my people! For I will issue a decree, I will make my justice a light to the nations.⁠ 5 I am ready to vindicate, I am ready to deliver, I will establish justice among the nations. The coastlands wait patiently for me; they wait in anticipation for the revelation of my power. 6 Look up at the sky. Look at the earth below.⁠ For the sky will dissipate like smoke, and the earth will wear out like clothes;⁠ its residents will die like gnats. But the deliverance I give is permanent; the vindication I provide will not disappear. 7 Listen to me, you who know what is right, you people who have my law in their heart.22⁠ Don’t be afraid of the insults of men; don’t be discouraged because of their abuse. 8 For a moth will eat away at them like clothes; a clothes moth will devour them like wool. But the vindication I provide will be permanent; the deliverance I give will last.” 9 Wake up! Wake up! Clothe yourself with strength, O arm of the Lord!⁠ Wake up as in former times, as in antiquity.⁠ Did you not smash Rahab?26 Did you not wound the sea monster?⁠ 10 Did you not dry up the sea, the waters of the great deep? Did you not make a path through the depths of the sea, so those delivered from bondage could cross over? 11 Those whom the Lord has ransomed will return; they will enter Zion with a happy shout. Unending joy will crown them, happiness and joy will overwhelm them; grief and suffering will disappear. 12 “I, I am the one who consoles you. Why are you afraid of mortal men, of mere human beings who are as short-lived as grass? 13 Why do you forget the Lord, who made you, who stretched out the sky and founded the earth?⁠ Why do you constantly tremble all day long at the anger of the oppressor, when he makes plans to destroy? Where is the anger of the oppressor? 14 The one who suffers will soon be released; he will not die in prison, he will not go hungry. 15 I am the Lord your God, who churns up the sea so that its waves surge. The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is his name! 16 “I commission you as my spokesman; I cover you with the palm of my hand to establish the sky and to found the earth, to say to Zion, ‘You are my people.’”⁠ 17 Wake up! Wake up! Get up, O Jerusalem! You drank from the cup the Lord passed to you, which was full of his anger. You drained dry the goblet full of intoxicating wine.⁠ 18 There was no one to lead her among all the children she bore; there was no one to take her by the hand among all the children she raised. 19 These double disasters confronted you. But who feels sorry for you? Destruction and devastation, famine and sword. But who consoles you? 20 Your children faint; they lie at the head of every street like an antelope in a snare. They are left in a stupor by the Lord’s anger, by the battle cry of your God. 21 So listen to this, oppressed one, who is drunk, but not from wine. 22 This is what your Sovereign Lord, even your God who judges his people says: “Look, I have removed from your hand the cup of intoxicating wine, the goblet full of my anger. You will no longer have to drink it.⁠ 23 I will put it into the hand of your tormentors who said to you, ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you.’⁠ You made your back like the ground and like the street for those who walked over you.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 51:23 and Baruch 4:25

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Isaiah 51 shows the cup of wrath taken from Israel and handed to its oppressors who made them lie down to be trampled. Baruch echoes this and has Zion speak to her children, urging them to endure with the hope that their suffering will be reversed.

Passages

Isaiah 51:23

Hebrew Bible
21 So listen to this, oppressed one, who is drunk, but not from wine. 22 This is what your Sovereign Lord, even your God who judges his people says: “Look, I have removed from your hand the cup of intoxicating wine, the goblet full of my anger. You will no longer have to drink it. 23 I will put it into the hand of your tormentors who said to you, ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you.’ You made your back like the ground and like the street for those who walked over you.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Baruch 4:25

Deuterocanon
23 For I sent you out with mourning and weeping, but God will give you to me again with joy and gladness forever. 24 For as now those who dwell near Zion have seen your captivity, so they will shortly see your salvation from our God which will come upon you with great glory and brightness of the Everlasting. 25 My children, suffer patiently the wrath that has come upon you from God, for your enemy has persecuted you; but shortly you will see his destruction and will tread upon their necks. 26 My delicate ones have traveled rough roads. They were taken away like a flock carried off by enemies. 27 Take courage, my children, and cry to God; for you will be remembered by him who has brought this upon you.
200–50 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Baruch

References

"... after having spoken about the return, the city’s direct speech is interrupted by the prophet-figure in verse 24 to confirm the change in the mother-role. In addressing the city, the prophet-figure emphasizes her role, in casu her mother-role. The city’s neighbours, αἱ πάροικοι Σιὼν, present in verse 9 as a vocative, but absent in the second part of the city’s direct speech, are mentioned by the prophet-figure: just as they saw the exiling of the children of Zion, they will now see their return to her. The prophet-figure is using Isaian semantics to describe the σωτηρία salvation, which is a word very characteristic for the Book of Isaiah (also in the Septuagint). Moreover, the combination with the activity of seeing, ὁράω, is mentioned especially in Isaiah 52:10 LXX: all corners of the earth will see this salvation. In Baruch 4:24, the salvation that can be seen by Zion’s neighbours, is described with the word δόξα glory and λαμπρότης brightness. In Isaiah 40:5 lxx, all people will see the δόξα glory of the Lord. Isaiah 60:3 lxx describes the δόξα glory of Zion, which, according to verse 1, is the δόξα glory of the Lord himself. The word λαμπρότης brightness is rarely used in the Septuagint. In the prophetic books, it appears in Isaiah 60:3 lxx only, describing the relation between the light of Zion and the reaction of the nations. In Baruch 4:25, the city resumes her direct speech, marked by a repetition of the vocative τέκνα children. The direct speech of the prophet-figure is continued in Baruch 4:30–5:9, which consists of four parts, all marked by the vocative Ἱερουσαλὴμ Jerusalem (4:30-36; 5:1-5). Although Jerusalem is not indicated by any female role, Jerusalem is clearly personified by performing human activities ..."
Archibald L.H.M. van Wieringen, “The Concept of the City in the Book of Isaiah and in the Deuterocanonical Literature,” in The Early Reception of the Book of Isaiah, ed. Kristin De Troyer and Barbara Schmitz, DCLS 37 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2019), 17–35.

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Isaiah 51:23 and Baruch 4:25

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