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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 5

1 I will sing to my love—a song to my lover about his vineyard. My love had a vineyard on a fertile hill.⁠ 2 He built a hedge around it, removed its stones, and planted a vine.⁠ He built a tower in the middle of it and constructed a winepress. He waited for it to produce edible grapes, but it produced sour ones instead. 3 So now, residents of Jerusalem, people of Judah, you decide between me and my vineyard! 4 What more can I do for my vineyard beyond what I have already done?⁠ When I waited for it to produce edible grapes, why did it produce sour ones instead? 5 Now I will inform you what I am about to do to my vineyard: I will remove its hedge and turn it into pasture, I will break its wall and allow animals to graze there. 6 I will make it a wasteland; no one will prune its vines or hoe its ground, and thorns and briers will grow there. I will order the clouds not to drop any rain on it. 7 Indeed, Israel is the vineyard of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the people of Judah are the cultivated place in which he took delight. He waited for justice, but look what he got—disobedience! He waited for fairness, but look what he got—cries for help! 8 Beware, those who accumulate houses, who also accumulate field after field until there is no land left, and you are the only landowners remaining within the land.⁠ 9 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies told me this: “Many houses will certainly become desolate, large, impressive houses will have no one living in them. 10 Indeed, a large vineyard will produce just a few gallons, and enough seed to yield several bushels will produce less than a bushel.”⁠ 11 Beware, those who get up early to drink beer, those who keep drinking long after dark until they are intoxicated with wine. 12 They have stringed instruments, tambourines, flutes, and wine at their parties. So they do not recognize what the Lord is doing, they do not perceive what he is bringing about. 13 Therefore my people will be deported because of their lack of understanding. Their leaders will have nothing to eat, their masses will have nothing to drink.⁠ 14 So Death will open up its throat, and open wide its mouth; Zion’s dignitaries and masses will descend into it, including those who revel and celebrate within her.⁠ 15 Men will be humiliated, they will be brought low; the proud will be brought low. 16 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will be exalted when he punishes, the holy God’s authority will be recognized when he judges. 17 Lambs will graze as if in their pastures, amid the ruins the rich sojourners will graze. 18 Beware, those who pull evil along using cords of emptiness are as good as dead, who pull sin as with cart ropes. 19 They say, “Let him hurry, let him act quickly, so we can see; let the plan of the Holy One of Israel take shape and come to pass, then we will know it!” 20 Beware, those who call evil good and good evil, who turn darkness into light and light into darkness, who turn bitter into sweet and sweet into bitter. 21 Beware, those who think they are wise, those who think they possess understanding. 22 Beware, those who are champions at drinking, who display great courage when mixing strong drinks. 23 They pronounce the guilty innocent for a payoff, they ignore the just cause of the innocent.⁠ 24 Therefore, as flaming fire devours straw and dry grass disintegrates in the flames, so their root will rot, and their flower will blow away like dust. For they have rejected the law of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, they have spurned the commands of the Holy One of Israel. 25 So the Lord is furious with his people; he lifts his hand and strikes them. The mountains shake, and corpses lie like manure in the middle of the streets. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again.⁠ 26 He lifts a signal flag for a distant nation, he whistles for it to come from the far regions of the earth. Look, they come quickly and swiftly.⁠ 27 None tire or stumble, they don’t stop to nap or sleep. They don’t loosen their belts or unstrap their sandals to rest. 28 Their arrows are sharpened, and all their bows are prepared. The hooves of their horses are hard as flint, and their chariot wheels are like a windstorm. 29 Their roar is like a lion’s; they roar like young lions. They growl and seize their prey; they drag it away and no one can come to the rescue. 30 At that time they will growl over their prey, it will sound like sea waves crashing against rocks. One will look out over the land and see the darkness of disaster, clouds will turn the light into darkness.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 5:1 and Gospel of Thomas 65

Hebrew Bible · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

Isaiah describes a vineyard owner who plants his vineyard but receives bad fruit. The Gospel of Thomas draws on this imagery, where Jesus tells of a vineyard owner whose servants and son are beaten and killed by the tenant farmers.

Passages

Isaiah 5:1

Hebrew Bible
1 I will sing to my love—a song to my lover about his vineyard. My love had a vineyard on a fertile hill. 2 He built a hedge around it, removed its stones, and planted a vine. He built a tower in the middle of it and constructed a winepress. He waited for it to produce edible grapes, but it produced sour ones instead. 3 So now, residents of Jerusalem, people of Judah, you decide between me and my vineyard! 4 What more can I do for my vineyard beyond what I have already done? When I waited for it to produce edible grapes, why did it produce sour ones instead?
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Gospel of Thomas 65

Nag Hammadi
65 He said, “A good man owned a vineyard and leased it to some farmers to work it and he might receive its fruit from them. He sent his servant so that the farmers might give him the fruit of the vineyard. They seized his servant, beat him, and almost killed him, and the servant returned and told his master. His master said, ‘Perhaps they did not recognize him.’ He sent another servant. The farmers beat that one as well. Then the owner sent his son and said, ‘Perhaps they will show respect to my son.’ The farmers knew that he was the heir of the vineyard. They seized him and killed him. Whoever has ears should hear.” 66 Jesus said, “Show me the stone that the builders rejected; that is the cornerstone.”
135–200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Thomas

References

“... Luke has always been difficult for interpreters because it generally follows Mark but is somewhat less allegorical: (1) it omits the Isaianic description of the vineyard; (2) only three servants are sent, none of them is killed, and Luke has no reference to stoning or beating on the head; and (3) Luke softens the owner’s decision to send his son by saying ‘perhaps they will respect him.’ On the other hand, Luke adds (1) that the owner went to another country “for a long time”; (2) the owner’s interior monologue with its question, “What shall I do?” that echoes Isaiah 5:4, 5; and (3) that the tenants threw the son out of the vineyard before they killed him (as in Matthew, but contrary to Mark). The similarities between Luke and Thomas (and their differences from Matthew and Mark) form a crux for interpreters: (1) Luke and Thomas lack the description of the preparation of the vineyard that echoes Isaiah 5. (2) The owner sent a servant so that the tenants “might give him” the produce of the vineyard. (3) No servants are killed before the sending of the son. (4) The owner says, “Perhaps they will respect him.” ... The allusion to Isaiah 5, while present in Luke and Thomas, is heightened in Mark and Matthew. ...”
R. Alan Culpepper, The Smyth & Helwys Bible Commentary: Mark (Macon, GA: Smyth & Helwys, 2007), 399.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 5:1 and Gospel of Thomas 65

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